arXiv:2511.21526stat.MLcs.LG2025-11被引 4

证明了多社区网络中社区恢复的计算边界,提出新阈值并构造有效恢复方法。

Phase Transition for Stochastic Block Model with more than $\sqrt{n}$ Communities (II)

  • 构造满足特定结构特性的图模式族,用于社区识别。
  • 在新阈值以上可实现社区恢复,突破传统谱方法限制。
  • 适用于中等稀疏度下的多社区网络分析,适合理论研究者。

网络分析中的一个基本理论问题是:在随机块模型(SBM)中,何时可在多项式时间内实现社区恢复?当社区数K小于√n时,非平凡社区恢复仅在凯斯滕-斯蒂格姆(KS)阈值之上才可能实现。当K ≥ √n时,近期研究发现,在稀疏情形下,通过计数无回溯路径可于KS阈值之下实现多项式时间恢复。这引发了对多社区情形新阈值的猜想。随后研究证明,该新阈值以下低阶多项式方法失效,而在某些中等稀疏场景下,阈值以上可成功恢复。本文作为后续工作,通过构造满足特定结构性质的图模式族,并证明其在新阈值以上可实现社区恢复,验证了该猜想。结果完整刻画了K ≥ √n时社区恢复的计算边界,并表明在中等稀疏情形下,最优算法与谱方法本质不同。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

A fundamental theoretical question in network analysis is to determine under which conditions community recovery is possible in polynomial time in the Stochastic Block Model (SBM). When the number $K$ of communities remains smaller than $\sqrt{n}$ --where $n$ denotes the number of nodes--, non-trivial community recovery is possible in polynomial time above, and only above, the Kesten--Stigum (KS) threshold, originally postulated using arguments from statistical physics. When $K \geq \sqrt{n}$, Chin, Mossel, Sohn, and Wein recently proved that, in the \emph{sparse regime}, community recovery in polynomial time is achievable below the KS threshold by counting non-backtracking paths. This finding led them to postulate a new threshold for the many-communities regime $K \geq \sqrt{n}$. Subsequently, Carpentier, Giraud, and Verzelen established the failure of low-degree polynomials below this new threshold across all density regimes, and demonstrated successful recovery above the threshold in certain moderately sparse settings. While these results provide strong evidence that, in the many community setting, the computational barrier lies at the threshold proposed in~Chin et al., the question of achieving recovery above this threshold still remains open in most density regimes. The present work is a follow-up to~Carpentier et al., in which we prove Conjecture~1.4 stated therein by: \\ 1- Constructing a family of motifs satisfying specific structural properties; and\\ 2- Proving that community recovery is possible above the proposed threshold by counting such motifs.\\ Our results complete the picture of the computational barrier for community recovery in the SBM with $K \geq \sqrt{n}$ communities. They also indicate that, in moderately sparse regimes, the optimal algorithms appear to be fundamentally different from spectral methods.

社区发现随机块模型计算复杂性

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