提出双层拍卖机制优化智能体网络任务卸载,提升资源利用率。
Hybrid Stackelberg Game and Diffusion-based Auction for Two-tier Agentic AI Task Offloading in Internet of Agents
- 用双重斯塔克尔伯格博弈协调移动与固定智能体定价。
- 引入双荷式拍卖解决固定节点过载问题,实现空中资源动态分配。
- 基于扩散强化学习求解模型,适合高动态智能体网络场景。
物联网智能体(IoA)作为互联智能系统的基础架构,支持海量人工智能智能体间的无缝发现、通信与协同推理。由大语言模型和视觉-语言模型驱动的智能体具备复杂协作能力,远超传统孤立模型。其中,无线智能体(WAs)因本地算力有限,需将计算密集型任务卸载至邻近服务器,如移动智能体(MAs)或固定智能体(FAs)。FAs具有固定位置与稳定连接,可作为可靠通信网关与任务聚合点,并进一步将过载任务卸载至空中智能体(AA)层级。为此,我们提出双层优化方案:第一层采用多领导者多追随者斯塔克尔伯格博弈,由MAs和FAs设定资源价格,WAs决定任务卸载比例;当FAs负载过高时,第二层引入双荷式拍卖,由过载的FAs作为买方请求资源,AA作为卖方提供服务。进而设计基于扩散的深度强化学习算法求解该模型。数值结果表明,所提方案在任务卸载性能上显著优于基准方法。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The Internet of Agents (IoA) is rapidly gaining prominence as a foundational architecture for interconnected intelligent systems, designed to facilitate seamless discovery, communication, and collaborative reasoning among a vast network of Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents. Powered by Large Language and Vision-Language Models, IoA enables the development of interactive, rational agents capable of complex cooperation, moving far beyond traditional isolated models. IoA involves physical entities, i.e., Wireless Agents (WAs) with limited onboard resources, which need to offload their compute-intensive agentic AI services to nearby servers. Such servers can be Mobile Agents (MAs), e.g., vehicle agents, or Fixed Agents (FAs), e.g., end-side units agents. Given their fixed geographical locations and stable connectivity, FAs can serve as reliable communication gateways and task aggregation points. This stability allows them to effectively coordinate with and offload to an Aerial Agent (AA) tier, which has an advantage not affordable for highly mobile MAs with dynamic connectivity limitations. As such, we propose a two-tier optimization approach. The first tier employs a multi-leader multi-follower Stackelberg game. In the game, MAs and FAs act as the leaders who set resource prices. WAs are the followers to determine task offloading ratios. However, when FAs become overloaded, they can further offload tasks to available aerial resources. Therefore, the second tier introduces a Double Dutch Auction model where overloaded FAs act as the buyers to request resources, and AAs serve as the sellers for resource provision. We then develop a diffusion-based Deep Reinforcement Learning algorithm to solve the model. Numerical results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed scheme in facilitating task offloading.
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