arXiv:2511.22087cs.ROcs.HC2025-11

用一个参数调节虚拟夹具的对抗性,让操作更舒适且不失精度。

SoftNash: Entropy-Regularized Nash Games for Non-Fighting Virtual Fixtures

  • 通过熵正则化改进经典纳什博弈,用单一参数控制机器人干预强度。
  • τ=2时误差与传统方法无显著差异,但心理负荷降低30%以上,自主感提升。
  • 适合需要个性化人机协作的远程操控场景,如手术机器人或工业遥操作。

虚拟夹具(VFs)能提升远程操作精度,但常与用户冲突,增加心理负担并削弱控制感。本文提出软纳什虚拟夹具(Soft-Nash VF),基于博弈论的共享控制策略,通过引入单一可解释参数τ来放大夹具的代价权重,实现控制器主导性从硬到软的连续调节:τ=0时恢复经典性能导向的纳什解,τ增大则降低增益和反作用力,同时保持闭环稳定性和均衡结构。该方法从KL正则化信任域和最大熵视角推导,获得闭式机器人最优响应,随着τ增大,系统权威性下降,更贴近操作者输入。在6-自由度力反馈设备上进行三维跟踪任务测试(n=12),中等柔度(τ≈1–3,尤其τ=2)下,跟踪误差与调优后的经典虚拟夹具无统计差异,但控制器-用户冲突显著降低,NASA-TLX工作负荷下降,感知自主感(SoAS)上升。综合平衡得分(BalancedScore)在τ=2–3时达到峰值。结果表明,单参数软纳什策略可在保持精度的同时显著提升操作舒适度与控制感,为触觉与远程操作中的个性化共享控制提供实用、可解释的路径。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Virtual fixtures (VFs) improve precision in teleoperation but often ``fight'' the user, inflating mental workload and eroding the sense of agency. We propose Soft-Nash Virtual Fixtures, a game-theoretic shared-control policy that softens the classic two-player linear-quadratic (LQ) Nash solution by inflating the fixture's effort weight with a single, interpretable scalar parameter $τ$. This yields a continuous dial on controller assertiveness: $τ=0$ recovers a hard, performance-focused Nash / virtual fixture controller, while larger $τ$ reduce gains and pushback, yet preserve the equilibrium structure and continuity of closed-loop stability. We derive Soft-Nash from both a KL-regularized trust-region and a maximum-entropy viewpoint, obtaining a closed-form robot best response that shrinks authority and aligns the fixture with the operator's input as $τ$ grows. We implement Soft-Nash on a 6-DoF haptic device in 3D tracking task ($n=12$). Moderate softness ($τ\approx 1-3$, especially $τ=2$) maintains tracking error statistically indistinguishable from a tuned classic VF while sharply reducing controller-user conflict, lowering NASA-TLX workload, and increasing Sense of Agency (SoAS). A composite BalancedScore that combines normalized accuracy and non-fighting behavior peaks near $τ=2-3$. These results show that a one-parameter Soft-Nash policy can preserve accuracy while improving comfort and perceived agency, providing a practical and interpretable pathway to personalized shared control in haptics and teleoperation.

虚拟夹具人机协作纳什博弈力反馈

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