提出首个针对3D高斯溅射水印的净化框架,有效去除水印且几乎不损伤原场景。
Can Protective Watermarking Safeguard the Copyright of 3D Gaussian Splatting?
- 通过分析视角依赖渲染和几何聚类,精准识别并移除水印高斯点
- 水印去除后峰值信噪比降低16.34dB,原场景损失小于1dB
- 首次系统揭示3DGS水印漏洞,适合版权保护与逆向研究者
3D高斯溅射(3DGS)因其高效性和高质量视觉表现,已成为3D场景表示的重要技术。随着3DGS资产价值提升,已有专门的水印方案用于版权保护与所有权验证。然而,现有水印方法是否真正具备鲁棒性?本文首次系统探索并验证了3DGS水印框架的潜在漏洞。我们发现,传统2D图像水印去除技术无法有效推广至3DGS场景,原因在于其特有的渲染管线及每个高斯原始项的独特属性。为此,我们提出GSPure——首个专为3DGS水印设计的净化框架。通过分析视图依赖的渲染贡献并利用几何精确特征聚类,GSPure可精准分离并有效移除水印相关高斯原始项,同时保持场景完整性。大量实验表明,GSPure在水印净化性能上达到最优,水印PSNR降低最高达16.34dB,原场景退化不足1dB PSNR。此外,其在效果和泛化能力上均优于现有方法。代码已开源:https://github.com/insightlab-CG-3DV/GSPure。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has emerged as a powerful representation for 3D scenes, widely adopted due to its exceptional efficiency and high-fidelity visual quality. Given the significant value of 3DGS assets, recent works have introduced specialized watermarking schemes to ensure copyright protection and ownership verification. However, can existing 3D Gaussian watermarking approaches genuinely guarantee robust protection of the 3D assets? In this paper, for the first time, we systematically explore and validate possible vulnerabilities of 3DGS watermarking frameworks. We demonstrate that conventional watermark removal techniques designed for 2D images do not effectively generalize to the 3DGS scenario due to the specialized rendering pipeline and unique attributes of each gaussian primitives. Motivated by this insight, we propose GSPure, the first watermark purification framework specifically for 3DGS watermarking representations. By analyzing view-dependent rendering contributions and exploiting geometrically accurate feature clustering, GSPure precisely isolates and effectively removes watermark-related Gaussian primitives while preserving scene integrity. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our GSPure achieves the best watermark purification performance, reducing watermark PSNR by up to 16.34dB while minimizing degradation to original scene fidelity with less than 1dB PSNR loss. Moreover, it consistently outperforms existing methods in both effectiveness and generalization. Our code is available at https://github.com/insightlab-CG-3DV/GSPure.
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