用动态语义锚与对抗边界优化,实现多类缺陷的少样本统一检测。
ABounD: Adversarial Boundary-Driven Few-Shot Learning for Multi-Class Anomaly Detection
- 通过自适应语义锚分离重叠类别概念,解决多类混淆问题。
- 合成对抗边界特征构建紧致决策边界,提升定位精度。
- 单阶段训练无需逐类重训,适合工业场景快速部署。
少样本多类工业异常检测利用单一统一模型和少量正常样本识别多种缺陷。尽管视觉语言模型具备强泛化能力,但在缺乏真实异常数据的情况下同时建模多个类别流形,易导致特征空间坍塌和跨类干扰。现有方法常难以平衡可扩展性与精度,或需单独重训每类,或决策边界过松。为此,本文提出名为 ABounD 的一统学习框架,融合语义概念锚定与几何边界优化。该方法采用两个轻量机制解决多类模糊:首先,动态概念融合模块通过查询感知的分层校准生成类别自适应语义锚,解耦重叠类别概念;其次,基于这些锚点,对抗边界构造模块合成对抗边界级栅栏特征,构建紧致且类别定制的决策边界,防止跨类边界模糊。整个过程单阶段优化,无需少样本设置下的逐类独立重训。在七个工业基准上的实验表明,该方法在多类少样本异常检测中达到最优检测与定位性能,且训练与推理计算成本低。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Few-shot multi-class industrial anomaly detection identifies diverse defects across multiple categories using a single unified model and limited normal samples. Although vision-language models offer strong generalization, modeling multiple distinct category manifolds concurrently without actual anomalous data causes feature space collapse and cross-class interference. Consequently, existing methods often fail to balance scalability and precision, leading to either isolated single-class retraining or excessively loose decision margins. To address this limitation, we present a one-for-all learning framework called ABounD that unites semantic concept anchoring with geometric boundary optimization. This method employs two lightweight mechanisms to resolve multi-class ambiguity. First, the Dynamic Concept Fusion module generates class-adaptive semantic anchors via query-aware hierarchical calibration, disentangling overlapping category concepts. Second, using these anchors, the Adversarial Boundary Forging module constructs a tight, class-tailored decision margin by synthesizing adversarial boundary-level fence features to prevent cross-class boundary blurring. Optimized in a single stage, ABounD removes the requirement for isolated per-category retraining in few-shot settings. Experiments on seven industrial benchmarks show that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art detection and localization performance for multi-class few-shot anomaly detection while maintaining low computational costs during training and inference.
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