用异常得分图增强特征,实现工业缺陷检测的像素级精修。
AnoRefiner: Anomaly-Aware Group-Wise Refinement for Zero-Shot Industrial Anomaly Detection
- 引入异常得分图作为空间先验,指导特征逐级细化。
- 在MVTec AD和VisA上使像素级平均精度提升最高达5.2%。
- 无需合成数据,适配多种零样本检测模型,适合工业部署。
零样本工业异常检测(ZSAD)方法通常生成粗粒度的异常图,因为视觉变换器(ViTs)仅提取图像块级特征。现有方法尝试利用ZSAD特征预测更精细的异常,但仍难以恢复细粒度异常且易漏检,主要源于合成训练异常与真实异常之间的差距。我们发现,异常得分图提供了ZSAD图像特征中缺失的关键空间线索,这一现象此前被忽视。受此启发,我们提出一种可插入多数ZSAD模型的异常感知精修器(AnoRefiner),将块级异常图提升至像素级。首先设计异常精修解码器(ARD),通过异常得分图逐步增强图像特征,降低对合成异常数据的依赖;其次,基于大规模生产范式,提出渐进式分组测试时训练(PGT)策略,在每类产品组上训练ARD以优化下一组的精修过程,兼容任意ZSAD方法。在MVTec AD和VisA数据集上的实验表明,AnoRefiner可使多种ZSAD模型的像素级平均精度(pixel-AP)最高提升5.2%,可视化结果也清晰体现该改进。代码将开源于https://github.com/HUST-SLOW/AnoRefiner。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Zero-shot industrial anomaly detection (ZSAD) methods typically yield coarse anomaly maps as vision transformers (ViTs) extract patch-level features only. To solve this, recent solutions attempt to predict finer anomalies using features from ZSAD, but they still struggle to recover fine-grained anomalies without missed detections, mainly due to the gap between randomly synthesized training anomalies and real ones. We observe that anomaly score maps exactly provide complementary spatial cues that are largely absent from ZSAD's image features, a fact overlooked before. Inspired by this, we propose an anomaly-aware refiner (AnoRefiner) that can be plugged into most ZSAD models and improve patch-level anomaly maps to the pixel level. First, we design an anomaly refinement decoder (ARD) that progressively enhances image features using anomaly score maps, reducing the reliance on synthetic anomaly data. Second, motivated by the mass production paradigm, we propose a progressive group-wise test-time training (PGT) strategy that trains ARD in each product group for the refinement process in the next group, while staying compatible with any ZSAD method. Experiments on the MVTec AD and VisA datasets show that AnoRefiner boosts various ZSAD models by up to a 5.2\% gain in pixel-AP metrics, which can also be directly observed in many visualizations. The code will be available at https://github.com/HUST-SLOW/AnoRefiner.
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