arXiv:2511.22934cs.CV2025-11

用神经网络加速参数化矩阵运算,速度提升超10倍

NeuMatC: A General Neural Framework for Fast Parametric Matrix Operation

  • 通过学习参数到运算结果的低秩连续映射,统一处理各类矩阵操作
  • 在无线通信场景下,参数化求逆快3倍以上,参数化SVD快10倍
  • 适合需要高频重复计算矩阵操作的工程场景,如通信系统设计

矩阵运算(如求逆和奇异值分解(SVD))在科学与工程中至关重要。在无线通信、信号处理等新兴应用中,需对参数连续变化的矩阵反复执行运算。传统方法独立处理每项运算,未能利用参数维度上的低秩性和连续性,导致大量冗余计算。为此,我们提出通用神经矩阵计算框架NeuMatC,通过挖掘参数-结果间的低秩与连续特性,无监督地学习从参数到运算结果的低秩连续映射。训练后,NeuMatC仅需少量基本运算(如矩阵乘法和非线性激活)即可在任意参数点高效计算,显著减少冗余。在合成与真实数据集上的实验表明,该方法在无线通信场景中实现超过3倍的参数化求逆加速和10倍的参数化SVD加速,同时保持可接受精度。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Matrix operations (e.g., inversion and singular value decomposition (SVD)) are fundamental in science and engineering. In many emerging real-world applications (such as wireless communication and signal processing), these operations must be performed repeatedly over matrices with parameters varying continuously. However, conventional methods tackle each matrix operation independently, underexploring the inherent low-rankness and continuity along the parameter dimension, resulting in significantly redundant computation. To address this challenge, we propose \textbf{\textit{Neural Matrix Computation Framework} (NeuMatC)}, which elegantly tackles general parametric matrix operation tasks by leveraging the underlying low-rankness and continuity along the parameter dimension. Specifically, NeuMatC unsupervisedly learns a low-rank and continuous mapping from parameters to their corresponding matrix operation results. Once trained, NeuMatC enables efficient computations at arbitrary parameters using only a few basic operations (e.g., matrix multiplications and nonlinear activations), significantly reducing redundant computations. Experimental results on both synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate the promising performance of NeuMatC, exemplified by over $3\times$ speedup in parametric inversion and $10\times$ speedup in parametric SVD compared to the widely used NumPy baseline in wireless communication, while maintaining acceptable accuracy.

矩阵运算神经网络加速计算参数化

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