arXiv:2511.22955cs.LG2025-11

让专家协作推理,提升大模型效率与准确率。

Experts are all you need: A Composable Framework for Large Language Model Inference

  • 通过子查询依赖图实现专家间协同,动态分配任务。
  • 比单体模型高11.01%准确率,模型缩小1.67至3.56倍。
  • 适合需要高效推理的复杂任务场景,如多步问答。

大型语言模型在自然语言处理任务中表现卓越,但模型规模增大带来计算负担。混合专家(MoE)通过仅激活部分参数缓解此问题,但需联合预训练且不支持多步推理。多智能体框架虽能分解复杂任务,却依赖串行“计划-执行-观察”循环,延迟高。本文提出可组合推理框架Comp-LLM,包含:子查询生成器,基于嵌入相似性分配子任务并构建依赖图;查询执行器,根据依赖与资源约束并行处理节点;响应聚合器,融合中间结果生成最终答案。在多个基准测试中,Comp-LLM相较同规模单体模型提升最高11.01%准确率,模型规模减少1.67×–3.56×,且相比最大同类模型无明显性能下降;同时较串行处理降低1.1×–1.7×延迟。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved state-of-the-art accuracies in a variety of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, this success comes at the cost of increased model sizes which leads to additional computational burden. Mixture of Experts (MoEs) overcome this bottleneck by decoupling model capacity from computation by only activating a subset of parameters or "experts". However, these models require joint pretraining of these experts along with the router and do not model multi-step reasoning. In contrast, multi-agent frameworks improve reasoning by decomposing complex problems into modular subtasks. However, these frameworks rely on sequential "plan--act--observe" loops, which introduce significant latency. Our work, Comp-LLM, addresses these challenges by introducing a composable inference framework that enables cross-expert collaboration via an explicit sub-query dependency graph. Comp-LLM consists of three components: (1) A Sub-query Generator that decomposes an input query, assigns each sub-query to an appropriate expert using embedding similarity, and constructs a dependency graph; (2) A Query Executor that processes nodes in the graph and identifies opportunities for parallelism based on dependencies and resource constraints; and (3) A Response Aggregator that synthesizes intermediate expert responses into a coherent final answer. Across several benchmarks, Comp-LLM achieves up to 11.01% accuracy improvement over monolithic LLMs of similar size, while offering 1.67x--3.56x reduction in model size with no significant degradation relative to the largest model in its family. Additionally, Comp-LLM provides 1.1x--1.7x latency improvement compared to sequential sub-query processing.

大模型推理专家系统多步推理并行优化

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