PointCNN++让点云卷积既高精度又高效,突破传统权衡。
PointCNN++: Performant Convolution on Native Points
- 将稀疏卷积从体素推广到原始点,以点为中心设计感受野。
- 内存消耗降为同类方法的十分之一,速度提升数倍。
- 适合需要高精度点云处理的研究者与工业应用。
现有的3D点云卷积学习方法分为两类:基于点的方法保持几何精度但性能较差,基于体素的方法通过量化实现高效率却牺牲几何保真度,这在点云配准等任务中成为关键瓶颈。本文提出PointCNN++,一种全新的架构设计,从根本上缓解精度与性能的权衡。它将稀疏卷积从体素推广至点,使体素卷积成为其特例。首先,引入以原始高精度点坐标为中心的点中心卷积;其次,为实现高性能,设计原生点运算策略,将卷积形式化为矩阵-向量乘法与约简(MVMR)问题,并开发专用高性能GPU内核。实验表明,PointCNN++相比代表性点基方法内存使用降低一个数量级,速度提升数倍。作为体素骨干的简单替换,其显著提升点云配准精度,同时更省内存、更快。结果表明,几何细节与高性能并非互斥,为高保真高效率3D学习开辟新路径。代码将开源。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Existing convolutional learning methods for 3D point cloud data are divided into two paradigms: point-based methods that preserve geometric precision but often face performance challenges, and voxel-based methods that achieve high efficiency through quantization at the cost of geometric fidelity. This loss of precision is a critical bottleneck for tasks such as point cloud registration. We propose PointCNN++, a novel architectural design that fundamentally mitigates this precision-performance trade-off. It $\textbf{generalizes sparse convolution from voxels to points}$, treating voxel-based convolution as a specialized, degraded case of our more general point-based convolution. First, we introduce a point-centric convolution where the receptive field is centered on the original, high-precision point coordinates. Second, to make this high-fidelity operation performant, we design a computational strategy that operates $\textbf{natively}$ on points. We formulate the convolution on native points as a Matrix-Vector Multiplication and Reduction (MVMR) problem, for which we develop a dedicated, highly-optimized GPU kernel. Experiments demonstrate that PointCNN++ $\textbf{uses an order of magnitude less memory and is several times faster}$ than representative point-based methods. Furthermore, when used as a simple replacement for the voxel-based backbones it generalizes, it $\textbf{significantly improves point cloud registration accuracies while proving both more memory-efficient and faster}$. PointCNN++ shows that preserving geometric detail and achieving high performance are not mutually exclusive, paving the way for a new class of 3D learning with high fidelity and efficiency. Our code will be open sourced.
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