arXiv:2511.23402cs.LGstat.ML2025-11被引 10

量化压缩中间特征,让多模态模型训练更省带宽且更安全。

Quantized-Tinyllava: a new multimodal foundation model enables efficient split learning

  • 用2比特量化压缩中间特征,减少通信开销
  • 通信量降低87.5%仍保持原16位模型性能
  • 增强抗特征反演攻击能力,适合隐私敏感场景

多模态基础模型在金融、生物医学等敏感领域训练时,分布式设置引发隐私担忧,因需跨分区共享原始数据。分层学习(split learning)通过不交换原始数据实现协作训练,但高维中间特征传输带来巨大通信成本。为此,我们提出Quantized-TinyLLaVA,集成高效通信的分层学习框架。该方法在传输前将中间特征量化为离散表示,显著降低通信开销。基于信息熵编码理论设计了最优离散层级数的量化策略。在双分区设置下(客户端与服务器),2比特量化使通信开销减少约87.5%,在五个基准数据集上性能与原16比特模型相当。同时,压缩表示对特征反演攻击更具鲁棒性,验证了传输隐私性。代码已公开于https://github.com/anonymous-1742/Quantized-TinyLLaVA。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Multimodal foundation models are increasingly trained on sensitive data across domains such as finance, biomedicine, and personal identifiers. However, this distributed setup raises serious privacy concerns due to the need for cross-partition data sharing. Split learning addresses these concerns by enabling collaborative model training without raw data exchange between partitions, yet it introduces a significant challenge: transmitting high-dimensional intermediate feature representations between partitions leads to substantial communication costs. To address this challenge, we propose Quantized-TinyLLaVA, a multimodal foundation model with an integrated communication-efficient split learning framework. Our approach adopts a compression module that quantizes intermediate feature into discrete representations before transmission, substantially reducing communication overhead. Besides, we derive a principled quantization strategy grounded in entropy coding theory to determine the optimal number of discrete representation levels. We deploy our framework in a two-partition setting, with one partition operating as the client and the other as the server, to realistically simulate distributed training. Under this setup, Quantized-TinyLLaVA achieves an approximate \textbf{87.5\%} reduction in communication overhead with 2-bit quantization, while maintaining performance of the original 16-bit model across five benchmark datasets. Furthermore, our compressed representations exhibit enhanced resilience against feature inversion attacks, validating the privacy of transmission. The code is available at https://github.com/anonymous-1742/Quantized-TinyLLaVA.

多模态分层学习通信效率隐私保护

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