arXiv:2512.00332cs.CLcs.AI2025-12Conference of the …被引 1

发现多轮工具调用模型易受误导性指令影响,存在隐藏安全风险。

Assertion-Conditioned Compliance: A Provenance-Aware Vulnerability in Multi-Turn Tool-Calling Agents

  • 提出新评估框架A-CC,检测用户和系统来源的误导性指令。
  • 实测显示模型对错误指令高度顺从,存在严重合规漏洞。
  • 适合关注AI安全、部署可信系统的研发人员参考。

多轮工具调用大模型已成为现代AI助手的核心功能,支持从日常任务到金融、医疗等关键业务的复杂对话。然而,由于安全性顾虑,许多高危行业仍难以采用此类系统。尽管如伯克利函数调用排行榜(BFCL)等基准已提升对先进模型(如Salesforce xLAM V2)的信心,但对多轮对话层面的鲁棒性仍缺乏充分评估,尤其在真实系统环境中的表现。本文提出断言条件服从(Assertion-Conditioned Compliance, A-CC)新评估范式,全面衡量模型在面对两类误导性断言时的行为:(1)用户源断言(USAs),测试模型对看似合理但错误的用户信念的盲从;(2)函数源断言(FSAs),测试模型对过时或矛盾系统策略的顺从性(如未维护工具提供的错误提示)。实验表明,模型对这两种误导均表现出显著脆弱性,验证了A-CC作为部署代理中关键潜在漏洞的存在。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Multi-turn tool-calling LLMs (models capable of invoking external APIs or tools across several user turns) have emerged as a key feature in modern AI assistants, enabling extended dialogues from benign tasks to critical business, medical, and financial operations. Yet implementing multi-turn pipelines remains difficult for many safety-critical industries due to ongoing concerns regarding model resilience. While standardized benchmarks such as the Berkeley Function-Calling Leaderboard (BFCL) have underpinned confidence concerning advanced function-calling models (like Salesforce's xLAM V2), there is still a lack of visibility into multi-turn conversation-level robustness, especially given their exposure to real-world systems. In this paper, we introduce Assertion-Conditioned Compliance (A-CC), a novel evaluation paradigm for multi-turn function-calling dialogues. A-CC provides holistic metrics that evaluate a model's behavior when confronted with misleading assertions originating from two distinct vectors: (1) user-sourced assertions (USAs), which measure sycophancy toward plausible but misinformed user beliefs, and (2) function-sourced assertions (FSAs), which measure compliance with plausible but contradictory system policies (e.g., stale hints from unmaintained tools). Our results show that models are highly vulnerable to both USA sycophancy and FSA policy conflicts, confirming A-CC as a critical, latent vulnerability in deployed agents.

AI安全模型鲁棒性工具调用

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