arXiv:2512.00939cs.ROcs.AI2025-12

让机器人在毫秒级时间内安全完成抓取插入等操作,且结果可保证。

Constant-Time Motion Planning with Manipulation Behaviors

  • 预先构建数据结构,实现毫秒级快速规划
  • 支持抓取、插拔等两步操作,成功率高
  • 适合需要快速可靠动作的工业机器人场景

近年来,接触丰富的机器人操作进展显著,但多数部署系统仍局限于简单脚本。核心障碍在于缺乏能提供安全、高效、可靠保证的运动规划算法。为此,我们提出行为型常时运动规划(B-CTMP),扩展了原有常时运动规划(CTMP)框架,用于解决一类两步操作任务:(1) 到达操作起始状态的无碰撞路径;(2) 执行抓取或插入等操作行为以达成目标。通过预计算紧凑数据结构,B-CTMP 在用户指定的时间预算内(如10毫秒)实现恒定时间查询,确保在特定状态集合上的完备性与任务成功。我们在仿真和真实机器人上评估了货架取物与插头插入两个典型任务。结果表明,B-CTMP 将无碰撞规划与物体操作统一于单一毫秒级框架中,为半结构化环境中操作提供了可证明的速度与成功率保障。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Recent progress in contact-rich robotic manipulation has been striking, yet most deployed systems remain confined to simple, scripted routines. One of the key barriers is the lack of motion planning algorithms that can provide verifiable guarantees for safety, efficiency and reliability. To address this, a family of algorithms called Constant-Time Motion Planning (CTMP) was introduced, which leverages a preprocessing phase to enable collision-free motion queries in a fixed, user-specified time budget (e.g., 10 milliseconds). However, existing CTMP methods do not explicitly incorporate the manipulation behaviors essential for object handling. To bridge this gap, we introduce the \textit{Behavioral Constant-Time Motion Planner} (B-CTMP), an algorithm that extends CTMP to solve a broad class of two-step manipulation tasks: (1) a collision-free motion to a behavior initiation state, followed by (2) execution of a manipulation behavior (such as grasping or insertion) to reach the goal. By precomputing compact data structures, B-CTMP guarantees constant-time query in mere milliseconds while ensuring completeness and successful task execution over a specified set of states. We evaluate B-CTMP on two canonical manipulation tasks, shelf picking and plug insertion, in simulation and on a real robot. Our results show that B-CTMP unifies collision-free planning and object manipulation within a single constant-time framework, providing provable guarantees of speed and success for manipulation in semi-structured environments.

机器人操作运动规划实时控制

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