用视频扩散模型自动生成奖励,让智能体更懂目标。
Goal-Driven Reward by Video Diffusion Models for Reinforcement Learning
- 用预训练视频扩散模型提取视频与帧级目标的语义对齐作为奖励。
- 在Meta-World和干扰控制套件上实现比传统方法更高的任务成功率。
- 无需手动设计奖励函数,适合复杂视觉任务的强化学习场景。
强化学习虽在多个领域取得显著成果,但通常依赖精心设计的程序化奖励函数来引导智能体行为。这类奖励的设计困难且难以跨任务泛化。为此,我们利用预训练视频扩散模型中蕴含的丰富世界知识,为强化学习智能体提供无需人工设计的目标驱动奖励信号。核心思想是将大规模视频数据预训练的视频扩散模型作为视频级和帧级目标的有益奖励函数。对于视频级奖励,先在特定领域数据集上微调预训练视频扩散模型,再使用其视频编码器评估智能体轨迹与生成目标视频之间的潜在表示对齐度。为实现更细粒度的目标达成,通过CLIP识别生成视频中最相关的帧作为目标状态,并利用学习到的前后向表示来建模从给定状态-动作对到达该目标状态的概率,作为帧级奖励,从而促进更连贯、目标导向的轨迹。在Meta-World和Distracting Control Suite上的实验验证了该方法的有效性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Reinforcement Learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in various domains, yet it often relies on carefully designed programmatic reward functions to guide agent behavior. Designing such reward functions can be challenging and may not generalize well across different tasks. To address this limitation, we leverage the rich world knowledge contained in pretrained video diffusion models to provide goal-driven reward signals for RL agents without ad-hoc design of reward. Our key idea is to exploit off-the-shelf video diffusion models pretrained on large-scale video datasets as informative reward functions in terms of video-level and frame-level goals. For video-level rewards, we first finetune a pretrained video diffusion model on domain-specific datasets and then employ its video encoder to evaluate the alignment between the latent representations of agent's trajectories and the generated goal videos. To enable more fine-grained goal-achievement, we derive a frame-level goal by identifying the most relevant frame from the generated video using CLIP, which serves as the goal state. We then employ a learned forward-backward representation that represents the probability of visiting the goal state from a given state-action pair as frame-level reward, promoting more coherent and goal-driven trajectories. Experiments on Meta-World and Distracting Control Suite demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
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