回顾近50年触觉机器人发展，展望未来商业化应用前景
Tactile Robotics: Past and Future
- 梳理触觉机器人四代发展历程：起源、奠基、低谷到近年多元化拓展
- 当前兴起电子皮肤、仿生触觉、视觉触觉等六大主题，推动技术融合
- 适合关注人机交互、智能机器人及未来工业自动化方向的研究者
触觉机器人未来何在？本文基于近50年、近150篇综述的专家见解，梳理触觉传感在机器人领域的发展脉络。历程分为四个阶段：1965–79年（起源）、1980–94年（奠基与成长）、1995–2009年（触觉寒冬）以及2010–2024年（扩展与多样化）。近年来，电子皮肤、触觉机械手、视觉触觉感知、软体/仿生触觉、触觉互联网等主题迅速涌现。预计从2025年起，触觉机器人将迈向成熟，广泛应用于类人灵巧操作、理解人类智能及远程存在，深刻影响机器人与人工智能整体发展。文章通过连接历史经验与当前趋势，揭示该领域反复出现的挑战，说明其演进规律、进展停滞原因，以及最可能塑造未来的机遇。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
What is the future of tactile robotics? To help define that future, this article provides a historical perspective on tactile sensing in robotics from the wealth of knowledge and expert opinion in nearly 150 reviews over almost half a century. This history is characterized by a succession of generations: 1965-79 (origins), 1980-94 (foundations and growth), 1995-2009 (tactile winter) and 2010-2024 (expansion and diversification). Recent expansion has led to diverse themes emerging of e-skins, tactile robotic hands, vision-based tactile sensing, soft/biomimetic touch, and the tactile Internet. In the next generation from 2025, tactile robotics could mature to widespread commercial use, with applications in human-like dexterity, understanding human intelligence, and telepresence impacting all robotics and AI. By linking past expert insights to present themes, this article highlights recurring challenges in tactile robotics, showing how the field has evolved, why progress has often stalled, and which opportunities are most likely to define its future.
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