arXiv:2512.01311cs.AIcs.LG2025-12被引 6

让智能体自己生成学习任务,突破无预设任务环境的瓶颈。

CuES: A Curiosity-driven and Environment-grounded Synthesis Framework for Agentic RL

  • 基于环境结构与工具特性自动生成可执行任务
  • 在三个环境中生成任务多样性超人工数据集
  • 适合需要自主学习的复杂智能体系统研究者

基于大语言模型的智能体正被部署于复杂、工具增强的环境中。尽管强化学习提供了通过交互提升性能的合理机制,但其效果高度依赖结构化训练任务的存在。然而在许多真实场景中,此类任务稀缺——我们称之为任务稀缺问题,已成为扩展智能体强化学习的关键瓶颈。现有方法通常假设存在预定义任务集合,但在工具语义和可用性未知的新环境中这一假设失效。为此,我们提出任务生成新范式:智能体需在无预设任务的环境中自主学习。我们设计了CuES框架,一种由好奇心驱动且基于环境的合成方法,能直接从环境结构与功能中自动生成多样化、可执行、有意义的任务,无需人工种子或外部语料库。CuES通过内在好奇心驱动探索,将交互模式抽象为可复用的任务模板,并结合轻量级自上而下引导与基于记忆的质量控制进行优化。在AppWorld、BFCL和WebShop三个代表性环境中,CuES生成的任务分布无论在多样性还是可执行性上均达到或超越人工标注数据集,显著提升下游策略性能。结果表明,基于好奇心和环境基础的任务生成,为智能体不仅学会如何行动,更学会学什么提供了可扩展的基石。代码已开源:https://github.com/modelscope/AgentEvolver/tree/main/research/CuES。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large language model based agents are increasingly deployed in complex, tool augmented environments. While reinforcement learning provides a principled mechanism for such agents to improve through interaction, its effectiveness critically depends on the availability of structured training tasks. In many realistic settings, however, no such tasks exist a challenge we term task scarcity, which has become a key bottleneck for scaling agentic RL. Existing approaches typically assume predefined task collections, an assumption that fails in novel environments where tool semantics and affordances are initially unknown. To address this limitation, we formalize the problem of Task Generation for Agentic RL, where an agent must learn within a given environment that lacks predefined tasks. We propose CuES, a Curiosity driven and Environment grounded Synthesis framework that autonomously generates diverse, executable, and meaningful tasks directly from the environment structure and affordances, without relying on handcrafted seeds or external corpora. CuES drives exploration through intrinsic curiosity, abstracts interaction patterns into reusable task schemas, and refines them through lightweight top down guidance and memory based quality control. Across three representative environments, AppWorld, BFCL, and WebShop, CuES produces task distributions that match or surpass manually curated datasets in both diversity and executability, yielding substantial downstream policy improvements. These results demonstrate that curiosity driven, environment grounded task generation provides a scalable foundation for agents that not only learn how to act, but also learn what to learn. The code is available at https://github.com/modelscope/AgentEvolver/tree/main/research/CuES.

智能体强化学习任务生成自适应学习

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