用大模型自动设计符合物理规律的材料力学模型,省去人工干预。
Automating modeling in mechanics: LLMs as designers of physics-constrained neural networks for constitutive modeling of materials
- 大模型按需生成带物理约束的神经网络结构
- 在三个基准问题上精度媲美甚至超过人工模型
- 适合材料建模初学者或希望自动化流程的研究者
基于大语言模型(LLM)的智能体框架正采用动态生成任务专用智能体的范式。我们提出,不仅智能体,专门用于科学与工程任务的软件模块也可按需生成。本文在固体力学领域验证该思路:需通过本构模型描述应力与形变关系,这对材料科学理解与工业应用至关重要。然而,即使近期的数据驱动方法如本构人工神经网络(CANNs),仍需大量专家知识与人工劳动。我们提出一个框架,由LLM根据用户提供的材料类别与数据集,自动生成定制化CANN,涵盖架构选择、物理约束融合与完整代码生成。在三个基准问题上的评估表明,LLM生成的CANN在精度上可比肩或优于人工设计模型,并展现出对未见加载场景的可靠泛化能力及对大变形的外推性能。结果表明,基于LLM生成物理约束神经网络能显著降低本构建模所需的专业门槛,是迈向实用端到端自动化的关键一步。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large language model (LLM)-based agentic frameworks increasingly adopt the paradigm of dynamically generating task-specific agents. We suggest that not only agents but also specialized software modules for scientific and engineering tasks can be generated on demand. We demonstrate this concept in the field of solid mechanics. There, so-called constitutive models are required to describe the relationship between mechanical stress and body deformation. Constitutive models are essential for both the scientific understanding and industrial application of materials. However, even recent data-driven methods of constitutive modeling, such as constitutive artificial neural networks (CANNs), still require substantial expert knowledge and human labor. We present a framework in which an LLM generates a CANN on demand, tailored to a given material class and dataset provided by the user. The framework covers LLM-based architecture selection, integration of physical constraints, and complete code generation. Evaluation on three benchmark problems demonstrates that LLM-generated CANNs achieve accuracy comparable to or greater than manually engineered counterparts, while also exhibiting reliable generalization to unseen loading scenarios and extrapolation to large deformations. These findings indicate that LLM-based generation of physics-constrained neural networks can substantially reduce the expertise required for constitutive modeling and represent a step toward practical end-to-end automation.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。