arXiv:2512.01913eess.IVcs.CV2025-12被引 4

医学影像配准应聚焦领域专用设计,而非追逐通用模型潮流。

Disentangling Progress in Medical Image Registration: Beyond Trend-Driven Architectures towards Domain-Specific Strategies

  • 拆解低层趋势模块与高层领域设计的影响,系统评估其贡献。
  • 领域先验使标准U-Net性能平均提升约3%,优于引入热门架构的变体。
  • 开源可插拔基准平台,支持公平对比新方法与任务适配。

医学图像配准推动器官、模态和患者群体间的定量分析。近期深度学习方法常将计算机视觉中的通用计算模块(如大核卷积、Transformer、状态空间模型)与配准特有设计(如运动金字塔、相关层、迭代优化)结合,但二者贡献混杂难分。本研究通过覆盖脑、肺、心脏和腹部配准的模块化框架,系统解耦两类范式的影响力。结果表明,低层“趋势驱动”模块仅带来微弱或不一致的增益,而高层注册特有设计始终带来更精确、平滑且鲁棒的形变场。这些领域先验显著提升标准U-Net基线性能,远超引入趋势模块的变体,平均相对提升约3%。所有模型与实验均发布于透明、模块化的基准平台(https://github.com/BailiangJ/rethink-reg),支持新架构与任务的即插即用对比。该动态可扩展平台建立可复现、公平评估的共同基础,呼吁社区区分真实方法论贡献与领域先验。研究倡导:未来进展应从追随架构潮流转向拥抱领域专用设计原则。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Medical image registration drives quantitative analysis across organs, modalities, and patient populations. Recent deep learning methods often combine low-level "trend-driven" computational blocks from computer vision, such as large-kernel CNNs, Transformers, and state-space models, with high-level registration-specific designs like motion pyramids, correlation layers, and iterative refinement. Yet, their relative contributions remain unclear and entangled. This raises a central question: should future advances in registration focus on importing generic architectural trends or on refining domain-specific design principles? Through a modular framework spanning brain, lung, cardiac, and abdominal registration, we systematically disentangle the influence of these two paradigms. Our evaluation reveals that low-level "trend-driven" computational blocks offer only marginal or inconsistent gains, while high-level registration-specific designs consistently deliver more accurate, smoother, and more robust deformations. These domain priors significantly elevate the performance of a standard U-Net baseline, far more than variants incorporating "trend-driven" blocks, achieving an average relative improvement of $\sim3\%$. All models and experiments are released within a transparent, modular benchmark that enables plug-and-play comparison for new architectures and registration tasks (https://github.com/BailiangJ/rethink-reg). This dynamic and extensible platform establishes a common ground for reproducible and fair evaluation, inviting the community to isolate genuine methodological contributions from domain priors. Our findings advocate a shift in research emphasis: from following architectural trends to embracing domain-specific design principles as the true drivers of progress in learning-based medical image registration.

医学影像图像配准领域先验模块化评估

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