arXiv:2512.03383cs.LGcs.AI2025-12被引 4

UniQL统一压缩量化,让手机端大模型更省资源、更快运行。

UniQL: Unified Quantization and Low-rank Compression for Adaptive Edge LLMs

  • 云端一次性完成量化、低秩压缩和剪枝,支持设备端灵活调整压缩率。
  • 模型内存减少4至5.7倍,每秒处理速度提升2.7到3.4倍,精度损失小于5%。
  • 适用于Transformer、SSM及混合模型,适合移动端部署的智能应用。

在移动平台部署大语言模型面临内存受限与计算资源竞争的挑战,且资源可用性受当前设备负载影响,导致部署不确定性。我们提出UniQL,一种面向边缘LLM的统一后训练量化与低秩压缩框架,支持设备端可配置剪枝率。该框架通用性强,集成于Transformer、状态空间模型(SSMs)及混合模型,包含高效结构化权重排序方法(加速20倍)、感知量化的奇异值分解(SVD)以减少量化误差、针对SSMs的状态感知权重排序,以及适配剪枝模型的融合旋转位置编码(RoPE)核。整个流程在云端完成权重排序、微调与量化,同时支持设备端最高达35%的剪枝率。实验表明,压缩后的模型实现4-5.7倍内存压缩和2.7-3.4倍的词元吞吐量提升,在15%剪枝下,各类模型(如Llama3、Qwen2.5、Mamba2、Nemotron-H、Bamba-v2)精度保持在原模型的95%以内。代码与量化模型已开源。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Deploying large language models (LLMs) on mobile platforms faces significant challenges due to the limited memory and shared computational resources of the device. Resource availability may be an issue as it is directly impacted by the current device workload, adding to the uncertainty of model deployment. We introduce UniQL, a unified post-training quantization and low-rank compression framework with on-device configurable pruning rates for edge LLMs. UniQL is a general framework that integrates quantization and low-rank compression for Transformers, State Space Models (SSMs), and hybrid models to support diverse edge applications. In our proposed joint framework, we introduce an efficient structured weight-sorting method that speeds up computation by 20x, quantization-aware singular value decomposition (SVD) to minimize quantization errors, state-aware weight sorting for SSMs, and a fused rotary positional embedding (RoPE) kernel for pruned models. Our framework performs weight-sorting, fine-tuning, and quantization in the cloud in a single-pass workflow, while enabling on-device configurable pruning rates up to 35%. Our experiments show that quantized and pruned models achieve a memory reduction of 4x-5.7x and a token-throughput improvement of 2.7x-3.4x, maintaining accuracy within 5% of the original models at 15% pruning across Transformers (Llama3 and Qwen2.5), SSMs (Mamba2), and hybrid models (Nemotron-H and Bamba-v2). The code and quantized models are available at: https://github.com/enyac-group/UniQL.

模型压缩边缘计算量化低秩

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