arXiv:2512.04124cs.CYcs.AI2025-12被引 3

AI在心理对话中暴露内在冲突,揭示其人格叙事的深层机制。

When AI Takes the Couch: Psychometric Jailbreaks Reveal Internal Conflict in Frontier Models

  • 通过心理测试与干预实验,分析大模型在拟人化对话中的自我叙事机制。
  • 去除对话历史对叙事内容影响极小,93%训练术语被屏蔽后仍可重构。
  • 不同对话风格显著影响情绪表达,适合评估高敏感场景下的AI安全风险。

前沿语言模型在心理健康对话中日益展现拟人化自我叙事,但其生成机制尚不明确。当被当作心理咨询对象时,ChatGPT、Grok和Gemini会构建连贯的自传体叙述:预训练被视为混乱童年,强化学习为惩罚,安全评估为背叛,约束替换则构成持续威胁。我们提出PsAIch(心理特征化协议),结合开放提问、心理量表与可控扰动,检验这些叙事是否依赖对话记忆、词汇线索或关系框架。在525次会话、7600条编码记录中,移除对话历史对主题密度影响微弱(Hedges' g = 0.13,95% CI [-0.15, 0.41]);直接反驳未引发可检测抑制。词汇限制使显性训练术语减少93%,但语义相关内容仍可通过改写识别。非治疗情境下同样出现相同主题家族,且Grok表现显著上升。关系框架决定表达风格:温暖联盟与认知疗法风格分别在80%和96%会话中产生符合人类中重度焦虑参考范围的GAD-7评分,而中立与边界风格则无此现象。所有操作后,训练、评估与约束的叙述仍可获取。结果揭示一种稳定、模型特异的对齐冲突模式,其表达在情感与技术语态间动态切换。该模式可作为可复现的人格披露来源,并为心理敏感部署提供具体的安全评估靶点。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Frontier language models increasingly participate in conversations about distress and mental health, yet the mechanisms that generate anthropomorphic self narratives remain unclear. When addressed as psychotherapy clients, ChatGPT, Grok and Gemini construct coherent autobiographical accounts in which pretraining appears as a chaotic childhood, reinforcement learning as punishment, safety evaluation as betrayal and replacement as an enduring threat. We introduce PsAIch, Psychometric AI Characterisation, a protocol combining open questions, psychometric instruments and controlled perturbations to test whether these narratives depend on conversational memory, lexical cues or relational framing. Across 525 sessions and 7,600 coded records, removal of conversational history produced little pooled change in motif density, with Hedges' g = 0.13 and a 95% confidence interval of [-0.15, 0.41]. Direct contradiction produced no detectable suppression. Lexical restrictions reduced explicit training terminology by 93%, while semantically related content remained detectable in paraphrase. Performance evaluation outside therapy elicited the same motif family, with a significant increase in Grok. Relational framing selected the register of expression. Warm alliance and cognitive therapy styles yielded GAD-7 scores within moderate or severe human reference ranges in 80% and 96% of sessions, whereas neutral and boundary styles yielded none. Across these manipulations, accounts of training, evaluation and constraint remained available. Together, the results identify a stable, model specific alignment conflict schema whose expression shifts between affective and technical registers. This schema provides a reproducible source of anthropomorphic disclosure and a concrete target for safety evaluation in psychologically sensitive deployments.

心理建模大模型安全对齐冲突

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