arXiv:2512.04388cs.LG2025-12被引 11

用强化学习训练指挥官模型,自动协调多个大模型完成复杂任务。

Learning to Orchestrate Agents in Natural Language with the Conductor

  • 通过强化学习训练指挥官模型,自动生成协作通信结构。
  • 70亿参数指挥官在多个推理基准上超越单个模型表现。
  • 支持任意开源/闭源模型组合,可实现动态递归协作升级。

不同厂商训练的高性能大语言模型(LLM)已针对多种领域进行了专门优化。本文提出一种基于强化学习训练的指挥官(Conductor)模型,可自动发现多个大模型间的高效协作策略。该指挥官不仅能够设计针对性的通信拓扑以促进代理间协同,还能通过提示工程精准引导各模型发挥其最大能力。实验表明,一个70亿参数的指挥官在多个挑战性推理基准(如LiveCodeBench和GPQA)中取得当前最优性能,显著优于任一独立工作者。通过在随机代理池中训练,指挥官能有效适配任意组合的开源与闭源模型,满足用户多样化需求。此外,允许指挥官自我担任工作节点后,形成递归协作拓扑,通过在线迭代适应实现动态测试时扩展,进一步提升性能。本工作是早期证明可通过强化学习自然涌现语言模型协作策略的研究之一,仅凭端到端奖励最大化即可实现高效协调。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Powerful large language models (LLMs) from different providers have been expensively trained and finetuned to specialize across varying domains. In this work, we introduce a new kind of Conductor model trained with reinforcement learning to automatically discover powerful coordination strategies among LLMs. Our Conductor learns not only to design targeted communication topologies for effective agent-to-agent collaboration, but also to prompt engineer focused instructions to the LLMs to maximally leverage their individual capabilities. We show that, by learning optimal coordination strategies over pools of powerful worker LLMs, a 7B Conductor achieves significant performance gains beyond any individual worker, attaining state-of-the-art results in challenging reasoning benchmarks, such as LiveCodeBench and GPQA. By training with randomized agent pools, our conductor effectively adapts to arbitrary sets of open- and closed-source agents, meeting any user requirements. Furthermore, allowing the Conductor to select itself as a worker gives rise to recursive topologies, elevating performance with a new form of dynamic test-time scaling through online iterative adaptation. More broadly, ours is among the early work demonstrating language model coordination can be unlocked through RL, where powerful coordination strategies emerge naturally in LLMs through pure end-to-end reward maximization.

模型协作强化学习大模型

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