分析德语新闻中通用阳性词的使用差异,揭示其真实语言模式。
Geschlechtsübergreifende Maskulina im Sprachgebrauch Eine korpusbasierte Untersuchung zu lexemspezifischen Unterschieden
- 基于6195个标注词例,研究21个名词的通用阳性用法差异
- 发现通用阳性多出现在复数和不定名词短语中,非用于指代全体人群
- 结果有助于心理学实验设计更贴近真实语言使用
本研究考察当代德语新闻文本中通用阳性(GM)的分布与语言特征。通用阳性(如用阳性形式指代混合性别群体或未指定个体)在学术界与公众中长期存在争议,关于其是否具有性别中立性尚无定论。尽管心理语言学研究显示通用阳性更易关联男性指称,但基于语料库的实际使用分析仍十分有限。本文基于大规模新闻文本语料库,聚焦21个具体名词的语义差异,对这些名词的全部屈折形态进行人工标注,共获6,195个标注词例。研究发现不同词汇间存在显著差异,尤其体现在被动角色名词与与声望相关的名词之间。语法层面上,通用阳性主要出现在复数形式及不定名词短语中。此外,数据表明通用阳性并非主要用于指代整个群体,这一观点此前已有主张。本研究为理解通用阳性在真实书面语言中的表现形式提供了实证基础,有助于心理语言学研究中的语言材料更贴近实际语言使用。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This study examines the distribution and linguistic characteristics of generic masculines (GM) in contemporary German press texts. The use of masculine personal nouns to refer to mixed-gender groups or unspecified individuals has been widely debated in academia and the public, with con-flicting perspectives on its gender-neutrality. While psycholinguistic studies suggest that GM is more readily associated with male referents, corpus-based analyses of its actual use remain scarce. We investigate GM in a large corpus of press texts, focusing on lexeme-specific differences across dif-ferent types of personal nouns. We conducted manual annotations of the whole inflectional para-digm of 21 personal nouns, resulting in 6,195 annotated tokens. Our findings reveal considerable differences between lexical items, especially between passive role nouns and prestige-related per-sonal nouns. On a grammatical level, we find that GM occurs predominantly in the plural and in indefinite noun phrases. Furthermore, our data shows that GM is not primarily used to denote entire classes of people, as has been previously claimed. By providing an empirical insight into the use of GM in authentic written language, we contribute to a more nuanced understanding of its forms and manifestations. These findings provide a solid basis for aligning linguistic stimuli in psy-cholinguistic studies more closely with real-world language use.
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