让小模型在本地实现大模型级的记忆能力,还能看图说话。
MemLoRA: Distilling Expert Adapters for On-Device Memory Systems
- 用独立适配器训练小模型完成记忆提取、更新和生成任务。
- 本地运行时性能超越10倍大的模型,接近60倍大的模型水平。
- 支持图文理解,视觉问答准确率提升至81.3,适合隐私敏感场景。
带记忆的大型语言模型在长时间对话中表现出色,能存储并利用相关记忆作为上下文。这类记忆个性化机制对本地设备部署至关重要,可保障用户对话与数据隐私。然而,现有系统依赖过于庞大的语言模型,难以在本地运行。尽管小型语言模型(SLMs)更适合本地推理,但性能不足;且这些系统缺乏原生视觉能力,限制了多模态应用。本文提出(i)MemLoRA,一种新记忆系统,通过为小型模型配备专用记忆适配器,实现本地部署;(ii)其视觉扩展版本MemLoRA-V,集成小型视觉-语言模型(SVLMs),实现原生视觉理解。基于知识蒸馏原则,每个适配器分别训练以执行特定记忆操作——知识提取、记忆更新和记忆增强生成。配备记忆适配器后,小型模型可在无云端依赖下实现精准本地记忆操作。在纯文本任务上,MemLoRA性能超越10倍大的基线模型(如Gemma2-27B),在LoCoMo基准上达到与60倍大的模型(如GPT-OSS-120B)相当的水平。为评估视觉理解能力,我们在LoCoMo中引入需直接视觉推理的挑战性视觉问答任务。在此任务上,集成VLM的MemLoRA-V相比基于图像描述的方法,准确率从23.7大幅提升至81.3,同时保持文本任务强表现,证明该方法在多模态场景中的有效性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Memory-augmented Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable consistency during prolonged dialogues by storing relevant memories and incorporating them as context. Such memory-based personalization is also key in on-device settings that allow users to keep their conversations and data private. However, memory-augmented systems typically rely on LLMs that are too costly for local on-device deployment. Even though Small Language Models (SLMs) are more suitable for on-device inference than LLMs, they cannot achieve sufficient performance. Additionally, these LLM-based systems lack native visual capabilities, limiting their applicability in multimodal contexts. In this paper, we introduce (i) MemLoRA, a novel memory system that enables local deployment by equipping SLMs with specialized memory adapters, and (ii) its vision extension MemLoRA-V, which integrates small Vision-Language Models (SVLMs) to memory systems, enabling native visual understanding. Following knowledge distillation principles, each adapter is trained separately for specific memory operations$\unicode{x2013}$knowledge extraction, memory update, and memory-augmented generation. Equipped with memory adapters, small models enable accurate on-device memory operations without cloud dependency. On text-only operations, MemLoRA outperforms 10$\times$ larger baseline models (e.g., Gemma2-27B) and achieves performance comparable to 60$\times$ larger models (e.g., GPT-OSS-120B) on the LoCoMo benchmark. To evaluate visual understanding operations instead, we extend LoCoMo with challenging Visual Question Answering tasks that require direct visual reasoning. On this, our VLM-integrated MemLoRA-V shows massive improvements over caption-based approaches (81.3 vs. 23.7 accuracy) while keeping strong performance in text-based tasks, demonstrating the efficacy of our method in multimodal contexts.
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