用视觉与环境数据直接推算无线信道,省去传统导频开销。
Environment-Aware Channel Inference via Cross-Modal Flow: From Multimodal Sensing to Wireless Channels
- 通过跨模态流匹配,从图像、激光雷达等数据推导信道状态
- 在高速多普勒场景下,信道估计精度和频谱效率显著提升
- 适合需要实时低延迟信道感知的智能交通与6G系统
精确的信道状态信息(CSI)是可靠高效无线通信的基础。然而,在高多普勒环境下运行的大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中,通过导频估计获取CSI会带来巨大开销。本文利用日益丰富的环境感知数据,研究无需导频的信道推断方法,直接从多模态观测(包括相机图像、激光雷达点云和GPS坐标)中估计完整的CSI。不同于依赖预设信道模型的先前研究,我们提出一种数据驱动框架,将感知到的环境信息映射到信道空间的问题建模为跨模态流匹配任务。该框架将多模态特征融合至信道域的潜在分布,并学习一个速度场,连续地将潜在分布变换至目标信道分布。为使问题可解且高效,我们将其重写为等价的条件流匹配目标,并引入模态对齐损失,同时采用低延迟推理机制以实现实时CSI估计。实验中,我们基于Sionna与Blender构建了过程化数据生成器,支持真实感感知场景与无线传播建模。系统级评估表明,该方法在信道估计精度和下游波束成形任务的频谱效率上均显著优于基于导频和感知的基准方案。源代码已公开于 https://github.com/gm-leung/environment-aware-channel-inference。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Accurate channel state information (CSI) underpins reliable and efficient wireless communication. However, acquiring CSI via pilot estimation incurs substantial overhead, especially in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems operating in high-Doppler environments. By leveraging the growing availability of environmental sensing data, this treatise investigates pilot-free channel inference that estimates complete CSI directly from multimodal observations, including camera images, LiDAR point clouds, and GPS coordinates. In contrast to prior studies that rely on predefined channel models, we develop a data-driven framework that formulates the sensing-to-channel mapping as a cross-modal flow matching problem. The framework fuses multimodal features into a latent distribution within the channel domain, and learns a velocity field that continuously transforms the latent distribution toward the channel distribution. To make this formulation tractable and efficient, we reformulate the problem as an equivalent conditional flow matching objective and incorporate a modality alignment loss, while adopting low-latency inference mechanisms to enable real-time CSI estimation. In experiments, we build a procedural data generator based on Sionna and Blender to support realistic modeling of sensing scenes and wireless propagation. System-level evaluations demonstrate significant improvements over pilot- and sensing-based benchmarks in both channel estimation accuracy and spectral efficiency for the downstream beamforming task. The source code is available at https://github.com/gm-leung/environment-aware-channel-inference.
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