用惯性导航增强多天线系统，在动态环境中精准定位干扰源方向和距离。
GNSS Jammer Direction Finding in Dynamic Scenarios Using an Inertial-based Multi-Antenna System
- 结合惯性单元与软件定义无线电，利用平台运动合成虚拟大孔径。
- 在复杂反射环境下实现高于传统方法的定位精度，误差更小。
- 适合需要高精度反干扰的无人机、车辆等移动平台使用。
干扰设备会破坏全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）信号，严重影响精确定位可靠性。因此，检测并定位干扰信号对实现态势感知、减轻影响及实施有效对策至关重要。本文采用双天线双阵元贴片天线系统（即软件定义无线电设备Ettus USRP X440），基于同相与正交（IQ）采样预测干扰源的方位角、俯仰角及距离。提出将惯性测量单元（IMU）安装于天线系统上，以估计动态场景中天线的相对运动。构建了一种合成孔径系统，利用平台运动合成更大的虚拟孔径，实现无机械旋转的相干空间成像，显著提升角分辨率。针对传统到达角（AoA）方法在多径环境因信号反射与散射导致定位误差的问题，本研究融合了IQ数据、快速傅里叶变换（FFT）计算的频谱图、22个AoA特征与预测的相对运动信息，显著提升了GNSS干扰源方向定位性能。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Jamming devices disrupt signals from the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and pose a significant threat by compromising the reliability of accurate positioning. Consequently, the detection and localization of these interference signals are essential to achieve situational awareness, mitigating their impact, and implementing effective countermeasures. In this paper, we utilize a two-times-two patch antenna system (i.e., the software defined radio device Ettus USRP X440) to predict the angle, elevation, and distance to the jamming source based on in-phase and quadrature (IQ) samples. We propose to use an inertial measurement unit (IMU) attached to the antenna system to predict the relative movement of the antenna in dynamic scenarios. We present a synthetic aperture system that enables coherent spatial imaging using platform motion to synthesize larger virtual apertures, offering superior angular resolution without mechanically rotating antennas. While classical angle-of-arrival (AoA) methods exhibit reduced accuracy in multipath environments due to signal reflections and scattering, leading to localization errors, we utilize a methodology that fuses IQ and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)-computed spectrograms with 22 AoA features and the predicted relative movement to enhance GNSS jammer direction finding.
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