arXiv:2512.05132cs.CVcs.AI2025-12中稿 · ICLR被引 1

解决低分辨率训练中高分辨率推理的误差锚定问题,提升模型泛化能力。

Breaking Scale Anchoring: Frequency Representation Learning for Accurate High-Resolution Inference from Low-Resolution Training

论文配图:Breaking Scale Anchoring: Frequency Representation Learning for Accurate High-Resolution Inference from Low-Resolution Training
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过频域表征学习对齐不同分辨率下的频率响应。
  • 在高分辨率下误差随分辨率提升而下降,超越基线模型。
  • 适用于需跨分辨率推理的物理模拟与时空预测任务。

零样本超分辨率时空预测要求模型在低分辨率数据上训练,却在高分辨率上推理。现有方法将多分辨率误差保持一致视为泛化成功,但实际应随分辨率提升而降低误差。根本限制在于低分辨率数据受奈奎斯特频率限制,无法表示高分辨率下未见的高频成分,导致误差被锚定在低分辨率水平,误判为良好泛化。我们提出此现象为独立于已有问题的新挑战:尺度锚定(Scale Anchoring)。为此,提出无架构依赖的频域表征学习(Frequency Representation Learning),通过分辨率对齐的频域表征和谱一致性训练,在更高奈奎斯特频率网格上,高频带的频率响应更稳定,使误差随分辨率上升而下降。在任务范围内显著优于基线,计算开销仅小幅增加。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Zero-Shot Super-Resolution Spatiotemporal Forecasting requires a deep learning model to be trained on low-resolution data and deployed for inference on high-resolution. Existing studies consider maintaining similar error across different resolutions as indicative of successful multi-resolution generalization. However, deep learning models serving as alternatives to numerical solvers should reduce error as resolution increases. The fundamental limitation is, the upper bound of physical law frequencies that low-resolution data can represent is constrained by its Nyquist frequency, making it difficult for models to process signals containing unseen frequency components during high-resolution inference. This results in errors being anchored at low resolution, incorrectly interpreted as successful generalization. We define this fundamental phenomenon as a new problem distinct from existing issues: Scale Anchoring. Therefore, we propose architecture-agnostic Frequency Representation Learning. It alleviates Scale Anchoring through resolution-aligned frequency representations and spectral consistency training: on grids with higher Nyquist frequencies, the frequency response in high-frequency bands of FRL-enhanced variants is more stable. This allows errors to decrease with resolution and significantly outperform baselines within our task and resolution range, while incurring only modest computational overhead.

超分辨率频域学习物理建模

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