arXiv:2512.05171eess.IVcs.RO2025-12

无需同步视频或标定板,用几何标注即可完成多相机校准。

Two-Stage Camera Calibration Method for Multi-Camera Systems Using Scene Geometry

  • 分两阶段校准:先通过人工标注几何线段估计内参和视场投影
  • 再交互调整视场多边形对齐地板图或虚拟参考,确定相机位置与朝向
  • 仅需每相机一张静态图像,适合无标定板或无法同步的场景

多相机系统的校准是实现精准目标跟踪的关键任务。然而,在真实环境中,传统方法因缺乏精确地板图、无法接触标定物或无法获取同步视频流而难以应用。本文提出一种新型两阶段校准方法。第一阶段基于操作员对自然几何特征(平行、垂直、等长线段)的标注,实现单个相机的部分校准,估计关键参数(翻滚、俯仰、焦距),并将相机有效视场(EFOV)投影至水平面的基准三维坐标系中。第二阶段通过交互式调整投影的EFOV多边形位置、尺度和旋转,使其与地板图对齐,或在无地板图时利用系统内所有相机投影的虚拟标定元素进行对齐,从而确定剩余外参(相机位置与偏航角)。该方法仅需每相机一张静态图像,无需物理访问或视频同步。系统已实现为实用网络服务。对比分析与演示视频验证了其适用性、精度与灵活性,使此前被认为不可行的高精度多相机追踪系统部署成为可能。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Calibration of multi-camera systems is a key task for accurate object tracking. However, it remains a challenging problem in real-world conditions, where traditional methods are not applicable due to the lack of accurate floor plans, physical access to place calibration patterns, or synchronized video streams. This paper presents a novel two-stage calibration method that overcomes these limitations. In the first stage, partial calibration of individual cameras is performed based on an operator's annotation of natural geometric primitives (parallel, perpendicular, and vertical lines, or line segments of equal length). This allows estimating key parameters (roll, pitch, focal length) and projecting the camera's Effective Field of View (EFOV) onto the horizontal plane in a base 3D coordinate system. In the second stage, precise system calibration is achieved through interactive manipulation of the projected EFOV polygons. The operator adjusts their position, scale, and rotation to align them with the floor plan or, in its absence, using virtual calibration elements projected onto all cameras in the system. This determines the remaining extrinsic parameters (camera position and yaw). Calibration requires only a static image from each camera, eliminating the need for physical access or synchronized video. The method is implemented as a practical web service. Comparative analysis and demonstration videos confirm the method's applicability, accuracy, and flexibility, enabling the deployment of precise multi-camera tracking systems in scenarios previously considered infeasible.

相机校准多相机几何约束交互式

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