arXiv:2512.05500q-bio.NCcs.LG2025-12

用真实脑电数据生成带标签的合成数据,提升多类伪迹分类准确率。

SSDLabeler: Realistic semi-synthetic data generation for multi-label artifact classification in EEG

  • 基于ICA分解真实脑电,逐段验证并重注入多种伪迹
  • 在多种条件下比传统方法提升分类准确率
  • 适合需要高真实感伪迹数据的脑电研究者

脑电记录常受眼动、肌电和环境噪声等伪迹污染,干扰神经信号提取与预处理。伪迹分类因稳定性与透明性优于独立成分分析(ICA)方法,可灵活结合人工检查与多场景应用,但受限于训练数据需大量人工标注,难以覆盖真实世界脑电的多样性。现有半合成数据(SSD)方法通常仅注入单一伪迹类型,依赖ICA分量或单独采集的伪迹信号,导致生成数据真实性不足且适用性差。为此,本文提出SSDLabeler框架,通过ICA分解真实脑电,利用均方根(RMS)与功率谱密度(PSD)标准进行分段伪迹验证,并将多种伪迹类型重注入干净数据中,生成真实且带标签的半合成数据。用于训练多标签伪迹分类器时,该方法在多种条件下显著优于先前的SSD与原始数据训练,建立了一个可扩展的伪迹处理基础,有效捕捉真实脑电中伪迹共现与复杂特性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

EEG recordings are inherently contaminated by artifacts such as ocular, muscular, and environmental noise, which obscure neural activity and complicate preprocessing. Artifact classification offers advantages in stability and transparency, providing a viable alternative to ICA-based methods that enable flexible use alongside human inspections and across various applications. However, artifact classification is limited by its training data as it requires extensive manual labeling, which cannot fully cover the diversity of real-world EEG. Semi-synthetic data (SSD) methods have been proposed to address this limitation, but prior approaches typically injected single artifact types using ICA components or required separately recorded artifact signals, reducing both the realism of the generated data and the applicability of the method. To overcome these issues, we introduce SSDLabeler, a framework that generates realistic, annotated SSDs by decomposing real EEG with ICA, epoch-level artifact verification using RMS and PSD criteria, and reinjecting multiple artifact types into clean data. When applied to train a multi-label artifact classifier, it improved accuracy on raw EEG across diverse conditions compared to prior SSD and raw EEG training, establishing a scalable foundation for artifact handling that captures the co-occurrence and complexity of real EEG.

脑电伪迹半合成数据多标签分类

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