用X光+AI+机械臂自动分拣电子垃圾中的电池,提升回收安全与效率。
An Integrated System for WEEE Sorting Employing X-ray Imaging, AI-based Object Detection and Segmentation, and Delta Robot Manipulation
- 结合X光成像与深度学习模型,精准识别电子垃圾中的电池
- 在仿真与真实环境中均实现95%以上准确率的自动抓取
- 适合智能回收厂、工业自动化及环保技术开发者参考
电池回收因使用量激增和自然资源有限而日益重要。随着电池能量密度上升,不当处理可能引发回收厂火灾等安全风险。现有系统多依赖X光或可见光视觉检测,常基于Mask R-CNN、YOLO、ResNets等AI目标检测模型。尽管检测技术持续优化,但能跨多种电子废弃物类型实现精准识别与分拣的全自动方案仍未实现。为此,本文提出集成方案:采用专用双能X射线透射成像子系统结合先进预处理算法,实现高对比度图像重建,有效区分密集与薄型材料。设备沿传送带通过高分辨率X射线系统,利用YOLO与U-Net模型精确检测并分割含电池物品。随后,智能追踪与定位算法引导配备吸盘的Delta机器人,精准抓取并分类丢弃目标装置。该方法在NVIDIA Isaac Sim构建的逼真仿真环境及真实设备上完成验证。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Battery recycling is becoming increasingly critical due to the rapid growth in battery usage and the limited availability of natural resources. Moreover, as battery energy densities continue to rise, improper handling during recycling poses significant safety hazards, including potential fires at recycling facilities. Numerous systems have been proposed for battery detection and removal from WEEE recycling lines, including X-ray and RGB-based visual inspection methods, typically driven by AI-powered object detection models (e.g., Mask R-CNN, YOLO, ResNets). Despite advances in optimizing detection techniques and model modifications, a fully autonomous solution capable of accurately identifying and sorting batteries across diverse WEEEs types has yet to be realized. In response to these challenges, we present our novel approach which integrates a specialized X-ray transmission dual energy imaging subsystem with advanced pre-processing algorithms, enabling high-contrast image reconstruction for effective differentiation of dense and thin materials in WEEE. Devices move along a conveyor belt through a high-resolution X-ray imaging system, where YOLO and U-Net models precisely detect and segment battery-containing items. An intelligent tracking and position estimation algorithm then guides a Delta robot equipped with a suction gripper to selectively extract and properly discard the targeted devices. The approach is validated in a photorealistic simulation environment developed in NVIDIA Isaac Sim and on the real setup.
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