用可变阻忆阻器实现自适应音频编码，更敏锐捕捉声音起始点。
A Multi-Channel Auditory Signal Encoder with Adaptive Resolution Using Volatile Memristors
- 利用忆阻器挥发性设计自适应阈值，动态调节敏感度。
- 在相同脉冲预算下，显著增强声音起始点的清晰度。
- 适合低功耗神经形态音频前端，尤其适用于实时语音处理。
我们实验验证了一种端到端的混合CMOS-忆阻器听觉编码器，通过利用HfTiOx器件的固有挥发性，实现了基于自适应阈值的异步增量调制（ADM）脉冲编码。触发脉冲快速提升ADM阈值Δ（去敏感化）；当活动减弱时，器件的挥发性被动降低Δ（再敏感化），从而强调起始信号并无需静态控制能耗。原型将8通道130 nm编码集成电路与外部HfTiOx器件通过开关接口和外部控制器连接，控制器监测脉冲活动并发出编程指令。片上电流镜跨阻放大器（TIA）将器件电流转换为对称阈值，支持灵敏与保守两种编码模式。使用伽马音滤波语音评估，自适应环路在匹配脉冲预算条件下显著强化了起始点，并保留了固定Δ基线所遗漏的精细时间细节；多通道脉冲耳蜗图也呈现相同趋势。这些结果确立了实用的混合CMOS-忆阻器路径，实现以起始点为重点、脉冲高效的类脑音频前端，并推动低功耗单芯片集成。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
We demonstrate and experimentally validate an end-to-end hybrid CMOS-memristor auditory encoder that realises adaptive-threshold, asynchronous delta-modulation (ADM)-based spike encoding by exploiting the inherent volatility of HfTiOx devices. A spike-triggered programming pulse rapidly raises the ADM threshold Delta (desensitisation); the device's volatility then passively lowers Delta when activity subsides (resensitisation), emphasising onsets while restoring sensitivity without static control energy. Our prototype couples an 8-channel 130 nm encoder IC to off-chip HfTiOx devices via a switch interface and an off-chip controller that monitors spike activity and issues programming events. An on-chip current-mirror transimpedance amplifier (TIA) converts device current into symmetric thresholds, enabling both sensitive and conservative encoding regimes. Evaluated with gammatone-filtered speech, the adaptive loop-at matched spike budget-sharpens onsets and preserves fine temporal detail that a fixed-Delta baseline misses; multi-channel spike cochleagrams show the same trend. Together, these results establish a practical hybrid CMOS-memristor pathway to onset-salient, spike-efficient neuromorphic audio front-ends and motivate low-power single-chip integration.
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