arXiv:2512.05922cs.CV2025-12被引 2

提出可学习原型增强病理图像分割,提升小目标覆盖与边界精度。

LPD: Learnable Prototypes with Diversity Regularization for Weakly Supervised Histopathology Segmentation

论文配图:LPD: Learnable Prototypes with Diversity Regularization for Weakly Supervised Histopathology Segmentation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 不依赖聚类,一步完成原型学习与分割优化
  • 在BCSS数据集上mIoU和mDice达最新最优
  • 适合需要高精度分割的医学图像分析场景

病理图像弱监督语义分割通过图像级标签减少像素标注,但面临类别间相似性高、类别内异质性强及基于全局池化的激活图导致区域收缩的问题。现有方法虽构建聚类原型库并分阶段优化掩码,但存在流程复杂、超参数敏感且原型发现与分割解耦等缺陷。本文提出无需聚类、单阶段的可学习原型框架,并引入多样性正则化以增强类内形态异质性覆盖。该方法在BCSS-WSSS数据集上达到最新最优性能,显著提升mIoU与mDice指标;定性结果显示分割边界更清晰、误标更少;激活热图表明,相比聚类原型,本文方法能覆盖更多样、互补的局部区域,充分验证其有效性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Weakly supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS) in histopathology reduces pixel-level labeling by learning from image-level labels, but it is hindered by inter-class homogeneity, intra-class heterogeneity, and CAM-induced region shrinkage (global pooling-based class activation maps whose activations highlight only the most distinctive areas and miss nearby class regions). Recent works address these challenges by constructing a clustering prototype bank and then refining masks in a separate stage; however, such two-stage pipelines are costly, sensitive to hyperparameters, and decouple prototype discovery from segmentation learning, limiting their effectiveness and efficiency. We propose a cluster-free, one-stage learnable-prototype framework with diversity regularization to enhance morphological intra-class heterogeneity coverage. Our approach achieves state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance on BCSS-WSSS, outperforming prior methods in mIoU and mDice. Qualitative segmentation maps show sharper boundaries and fewer mislabels, and activation heatmaps further reveal that, compared with clustering-based prototypes, our learnable prototypes cover more diverse and complementary regions within each class, providing consistent qualitative evidence for their effectiveness.

弱监督分割病理图像可学习原型多样性正则

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