arXiv:2512.06578cs.RO2025-12

不依赖训练的神经网络+改进PID,提升非线性机器人的控制稳定性。

Error-Centric PID Untrained Neural-Net (EC-PIDUNN) For Nonlinear Robotics Control

  • 用未训练的神经网络增强误差输入,提升控制信号表达能力。
  • 在两类机器人系统上实现近临界阻尼响应,收敛更快更稳定。
  • 无需系统模型和训练数据,适合实际工业场景部署。

经典比例-积分-微分(PID)控制在化工、机器人和电力系统中广泛应用。但随着系统非线性增强及变量耦合复杂化,传统PID易出现不稳定、超调或长调节时间。虽有结合神经网络的PIDNN模型应对非线性挑战,但需大量精细训练数据且计算开销大,难以落地。本文提出新型无训练神经网络增强型PID(EC-PIDUNN),将未训练神经网络与改进PID控制器融合,引入稳定因子τ生成控制信号。与传统方法类似,以稳态误差e_t为输入,无需系统动态知识。通过将e_t构成神经网络输入向量,提升输入维度以实现更丰富的数据表征。同时引入参数向量ρ_t调控输出轨迹,并设计动态计算函数调整PID系数至预设值。在两类非线性机器人系统上验证:(1) 具备阿克曼转向机制的无人地面车辆系统;(2) 云台俯仰转动系统。结果表明,该方法在收敛性和稳定性上均优于经典PID,实现近乎临界阻尼响应。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Classical Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control has been widely successful across various industrial systems such as chemical processes, robotics, and power systems. However, as these systems evolved, the increase in the nonlinear dynamics and the complexity of interconnected variables have posed challenges that classical PID cannot effectively handle, often leading to instability, overshooting, or prolonged settling times. Researchers have proposed PIDNN models that combine the function approximation capabilities of neural networks with PID control to tackle these nonlinear challenges. However, these models require extensive, highly refined training data and have significant computational costs, making them less favorable for real-world applications. In this paper, We propose a novel EC-PIDUNN architecture, which integrates an untrained neural network with an improved PID controller, incorporating a stabilizing factor (\(τ\)) to generate the control signal. Like classical PID, our architecture uses the steady-state error \(e_t\) as input bypassing the need for explicit knowledge of the systems dynamics. By forming an input vector from \(e_t\) within the neural network, we increase the dimensionality of input allowing for richer data representation. Additionally, we introduce a vector of parameters \( ρ_t \) to shape the output trajectory and a \textit{dynamic compute} function to adjust the PID coefficients from predefined values. We validate the effectiveness of EC-PIDUNN on multiple nonlinear robotics applications: (1) nonlinear unmanned ground vehicle systems that represent the Ackermann steering mechanism and kinematics control, (2) Pan-Tilt movement system. In both tests, it outperforms classical PID in convergence and stability achieving a nearly critically damped response.

机器人控制非线性控制无训练神经网络PID优化

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