arXiv:2512.06692cs.LG2025-12被引 1

提升离线强化学习数据蒸馏效果的关键是状态多样性,而非单纯质量。

State Diversity Matters in Offline Behavior Distillation

  • 用状态密度反比加权蒸馏目标,主动增强状态多样性。
  • 在高训练损失下,状态多样性比质量更能提升策略性能。
  • 适用于原始数据状态覆盖不足的场景,尤其适合复杂任务。

离线行为蒸馏(OBD)可将大量离线强化学习数据压缩为紧凑的合成行为数据集,显著提升下游策略训练效率。本文发现原始数据与蒸馏数据间存在性能错配:高质量原始数据未必生成优质合成数据。通过分析不同训练损失下的策略表现,我们发现当训练损失较高时(常见于OBD场景),状态多样性更重要的;而损失较小时,状态质量占优,这解释了错配现象。理论分析表明,在关键误差较大时,邻域误差影响更显著,因此状态多样性至关重要。为此,我们提出简单有效的状态密度加权(SDW)OBD算法,通过状态密度倒数加权蒸馏目标,提升合成数据的状态多样性。在多个D4RL数据集上的实验表明,当原始数据状态多样性有限时,SDW能显著提升OBD性能。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Offline Behavior Distillation (OBD), which condenses massive offline RL data into a compact synthetic behavioral dataset, offers a promising approach for efficient policy training and can be applied across various downstream RL tasks. In this paper, we uncover a misalignment between original and distilled datasets, observing that a high-quality original dataset does not necessarily yield a superior synthetic dataset. Through an empirical analysis of policy performance under varying levels of training loss, we show that datasets with greater state diversity outperforms those with higher state quality when training loss is substantial, as is often the case in OBD, whereas the relationship reverses under minimal loss, which contributes to the misalignment. By associating state quality and diversity in reducing pivotal and surrounding error, respectively, our theoretical analysis establishes that surrounding error plays a more crucial role in policy performance when pivotal error is large, thereby highlighting the importance of state diversity in OBD scenario. Furthermore, we propose a novel yet simple algorithm, state density weighted (SDW) OBD, which emphasizes state diversity by weighting the distillation objective using the reciprocal of state density, thereby distilling a more diverse state information into synthetic data. Extensive experiments across multiple D4RL datasets confirm that SDW significantly enhances OBD performance when the original dataset exhibits limited state diversity.

强化学习数据蒸馏状态多样性离线RL

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