提出七项关键指标，用于科学比较动物交流与人类语言。
What Needs to be Known in Order to Perform a Meaningful Scientific Comparison Between Animal Communications and Human Spoken Language
- 定义七项核心标准，涵盖发声机制与感知特性
- 强调独立控制发声自由度与信息速率的重要性
- 适合语言学、动物行为学研究者参考
人类口语长期受到科学关注，尤其在发音机制方面。动物交流研究也积累了大量文献，聚焦于发声行为。近年来，对动物交流与人类口语的比较日益增多。但本文指出，此类比较需评估一组最小关键现象：一、发声装置的自由度数量；二、各自由度独立控制的能力；三、交流所处声学环境的特性；四、生成声音的感知显著性；五、声音的对比程度；六、组合性是否存在；七、通信的信息速率。只有全面考量这些因素，才能进行有意义的科学比较。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Human spoken language has long been the subject of scientific investigation, particularly with regard to the mechanisms underpinning speech production. Likewise, the study of animal communications has a substantial literature, with many studies focusing on vocalisation. More recently, there has been growing interest in comparing animal communications and human speech. However, it is proposed here that such a comparison necessitates the appraisal of a minimum set of critical phenomena: i) the number of degrees-of-freedom of the vocal apparatus, ii) the ability to control those degrees-of-freedom independently, iii) the properties of the acoustic environment in which communication takes place, iv) the perceptual salience of the generated sounds, v) the degree to which sounds are contrastive, vi) the presence/absence of compositionality, and vii) the information rate(s) of the resulting communications.
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