控制地理和谱系关系后，基本词汇的语音特征过代表象大多不成立。
Over-representation of phonological features in basic vocabulary doesn't replicate when controlling for spatial and phylogenetic effects
- 引入空间与谱系控制修正原模型
- 245语言结果仅少数模式仍稳定
- 警示语言普遍性主张需多层验证
基本词汇中语音特征的统计过代表象常被解释为潜在的普遍音义关联。然而，多数研究未充分检验可重复性，且可能受样本或模型偏差影响。此前研究常未控制语言间的谱系与地域依赖关系，削弱了结论可靠性。本研究基于Lexibank的2864种语言数据，重新检验了针对245种语言的音义关联研究。通过在模型中加入空间与谱系控制，新结果表明：大部分原有模式不再显著，许多甚至完全消失。仅有少数模式在新样本下仍保持高度稳定。该分析使音义关联研究覆盖范围远超以往。研究强调，所有关于语言普遍性的主张都需在不同层面进行稳健性测试。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The statistical over-representation of phonological features in the basic vocabulary of languages is often interpreted as reflecting potentially universal sound symbolic patterns. However, most of those results have not been tested explicitly for reproducibility and might be prone to biases in the study samples or models. Many studies on the topic do not adequately control for genealogical and areal dependencies between sampled languages, casting doubts on the robustness of the results. In this study, we test the robustness of a recent study on sound symbolism of basic vocabulary concepts which analyzed 245 languages.The new sample includes data on 2864 languages from Lexibank. We modify the original model by adding statistical controls for spatial and phylogenetic dependencies between languages. The new results show that most of the previously observed patterns are not robust, and in fact many patterns disappear completely when adding the genealogical and areal controls. A small number of patterns, however, emerges as highly stable even with the new sample. Through the new analysis, we are able to assess the distribution of sound symbolism on a larger scale than previously. The study further highlights the need for testing all universal claims on language for robustness on various levels.
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