提出14条设计原则，让机器更好配合人类协作完成任务。
Joint Activity Design Heuristics for Enhancing Human-Machine Collaboration
- 从认知功能出发，提炼支撑人机协作的14条设计启发。
- 强调事件感知、理解、适应等五项核心认知功能支持。
- 适合人机交互、智能系统设计人员参考使用。
联合活动指多个代理（人类或机器）共同完成一项任务。设计联合活动需明确支持代理间为有效协调所必需的相互依赖关系，这超越了传统可用性设计，旨在使技术能成为高效团队成员。有效联合活动至少需支持五项核心宏观认知功能：事件检测、意义建构、适应性、视角转换和协调。为此，本文综合人因工程、认知系统工程、认知心理学及计算机科学等领域文献，提炼出14条设计启发，以辅助支持人机联合活动的技术设计、开发与评估。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Joint activity describes when more than one agent (human or machine) contributes to the completion of a task or activity. Designing for joint activity focuses on explicitly supporting the interdependencies between agents necessary for effective coordination among agents engaged in the joint activity. This builds and expands upon designing for usability to further address how technologies can be designed to act as effective team players. Effective joint activity requires supporting, at minimum, five primary macrocognitive functions within teams: Event Detection, Sensemaking, Adaptability, Perspective-Shifting, and Coordination. Supporting these functions is equally as important as making technologies usable. We synthesized fourteen heuristics from relevant literature including display design, human factors, cognitive systems engineering, cognitive psychology, and computer science to aid the design, development, and evaluation of technologies that support joint human-machine activity.
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