arXiv:2512.08274cs.LGcs.DB2025-12

预计算图结构特征,让大知识图谱的GNN训练更快更准。

gHAWK: Local and Global Structure Encoding for Scalable Training of Graph Neural Networks on Knowledge Graphs

  • 训练前用布隆过滤器和TransE编码节点局部与全局结构
  • 在OGB上实现比现有方法更快收敛且准确率领先
  • 适合处理超大规模知识图谱的科研与工程人员

知识图谱(KG)是结构化异构数据的重要来源,广泛应用于各类场景。传统消息传递型图神经网络(GNN)在大规模知识图谱上难以扩展,因其依赖迭代消息传递来学习图结构,在小批量训练时,节点仅能看到邻域的部分信息,效率低下。本文提出gHAWK,一种新型可扩展的大型知识图谱GNN训练框架。核心思想是在训练前预计算每个节点的结构特征,包括:(a) 使用布隆过滤器紧凑编码局部邻域结构,(b) 采用TransE嵌入表示节点在图中的全局位置。这些结构特征与领域特定特征(如文本嵌入)融合后,生成节点特征向量,可直接用于任意GNN模型。通过引入结构先验,gHAWK显著降低内存开销,加快收敛速度,并提升模型精度。在开放图基准测试(OGB)的大规模数据集上,gHAWK在节点属性预测与链接预测任务中均达到当前最优性能,三项榜单排名第一。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Knowledge Graphs (KGs) are a rich source of structured, heterogeneous data, powering a wide range of applications. A common approach to leverage this data is to train a graph neural network (GNN) on the KG. However, existing message-passing GNNs struggle to scale to large KGs because they rely on the iterative message passing process to learn the graph structure, which is inefficient, especially under mini-batch training, where a node sees only a partial view of its neighborhood. In this paper, we address this problem and present gHAWK, a novel and scalable GNN training framework for large KGs. The key idea is to precompute structural features for each node that capture its local and global structure before GNN training even begins. Specifically, gHAWK introduces a preprocessing step that computes: (a)~Bloom filters to compactly encode local neighborhood structure, and (b)~TransE embeddings to represent each node's global position in the graph. These features are then fused with any domain-specific features (e.g., text embeddings), producing a node feature vector that can be incorporated into any GNN technique. By augmenting message-passing training with structural priors, gHAWK significantly reduces memory usage, accelerates convergence, and improves model accuracy. Extensive experiments on large datasets from the Open Graph Benchmark (OGB) demonstrate that gHAWK achieves state-of-the-art accuracy and lower training time on both node property prediction and link prediction tasks, topping the OGB leaderboard for three graphs.

图神经网络知识图谱结构编码可扩展性

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。