对比高空RIS与双面反射RIS在三维无线环境中的性能差异
Performance Comparison of Aerial RIS and STAR-RIS in 3D Wireless Environments
- 构建带方向性辐射的精准信道模型，分析部署高度与朝向影响
- 低空时双面反射RIS因全向覆盖优势性能更优，高空则传统RIS表现更好
- 适用于6G空基智能表面部署决策，适合通信系统设计者参考
可重构智能表面（RIS）和同时发射与反射RIS（STAR-RIS）是提升下一代网络无线覆盖与容量的关键技术。当部署于无人机（UAV）时，二者受益于灵活部署与更好的视距条件。尽管前景广阔，但对空中RIS与STAR-RIS架构的全面性能比较仍缺乏深入研究。本文针对三维无线环境，系统比较了两类架构的性能。建立了包含方向性辐射特性的精确信道模型，并深入分析了部署高度与姿态的影响。为优化系统总速率，分别构建了联合优化问题，并提出基于加权最小均方误差与块坐标下降的高效求解算法。仿真结果表明，在低空场景下，由于全空间覆盖能力，STAR-RIS性能优于RIS；而在靠近基站的高空区域，传统RIS表现更佳。研究结果为未来6G通信系统中空基智能表面的部署提供了实用洞见。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) and simultaneously transmitting and reflecting RIS (STAR-RIS) have emerged as key enablers for enhancing wireless coverage and capacity in next-generation networks. When mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), they benefit from flexible deployment and improved line-of-sight conditions. Despite their promising potential, a comprehensive performance comparison between aerial RIS and STAR-RIS architectures has not been thoroughly investigated. This letter presents a detailed performance comparison between aerial RIS and STAR-RIS in three-dimensional wireless environments. Accurate channel models incorporating directional radiation patterns are established, and the influence of deployment altitude and orientation is thoroughly examined. To optimize the system sum-rate, we formulate joint optimization problems for both architectures and propose an efficient solution based on the weighted minimum mean square error and block coordinate descent algorithms. Simulation results reveal that STAR-RIS outperforms RIS in low-altitude scenarios due to its full-space coverage capability, whereas RIS delivers better performance near the base station at higher altitudes. The findings provide practical insights for the deployment of aerial intelligent surfaces in future 6G communication systems.
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