提出HSCP框架,让无人机识别模型在资源受限设备上实现超压缩与高精度。
HSCP: A Two-Stage Spectral Clustering Framework for Resource-Constrained UAV Identification
- 分两阶段用谱聚类+中心核对齐剪枝层和通道,实现极致压缩。
- 在ResNet18上减少86.39%参数、84.44%计算量,准确率还提升1.49%。
- 适合部署在边缘设备的低功耗无人机识别系统,尤其抗噪声能力强。
随着无人机快速发展和低空安全威胁日益复杂,传统无人机识别方法难以在复杂环境下提取可靠信号特征并满足实时性要求。近年来,基于深度学习的射频指纹识别(RFFI)方法显著提升了识别准确率,但其庞大的模型规模和高计算需求限制了在资源受限边缘设备上的部署。尽管模型剪枝可降低复杂度,但现有权重、通道和层剪枝技术难以同时优化压缩率、硬件加速与识别准确率。为此,本文提出一种层次化谱聚类剪枝框架HSCP,结合层剪枝与通道剪枝,实现极端压缩、高性能与高效推理。第一阶段利用中心核对齐(CKA)引导的谱聚类识别并移除冗余层;第二阶段在同一策略下处理通道维度以消除更细粒度冗余。为保证鲁棒性,进一步采用抗噪声微调策略。在UAV-M100基准测试中,HSCP优于现有通道与层剪枝方法:在ResNet18上实现86.39%参数压缩和84.44%浮点运算量减少,准确率相比未剪枝基线提升1.49%,并在低信噪比环境下仍保持优异鲁棒性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
With the rapid development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and the increasing complexity of low-altitude security threats, traditional UAV identification methods struggle to extract reliable signal features and meet real-time requirements in complex environments. Recently, deep learning based Radio Frequency Fingerprint Identification (RFFI) approaches have greatly improved recognition accuracy. However, their large model sizes and high computational demands hinder deployment on resource-constrained edge devices. While model pruning offers a general solution for complexity reduction, existing weight, channel, and layer pruning techniques struggle to concurrently optimize compression rate, hardware acceleration, and recognition accuracy. To this end, in this paper, we introduce HSCP, a Hierarchical Spectral Clustering Pruning framework that combines layer pruning with channel pruning to achieve extreme compression, high performance, and efficient inference. In the first stage, HSCP employs spectral clustering guided by Centered Kernel Alignment (CKA) to identify and remove redundant layers. Subsequently, the same strategy is applied to the channel dimension to eliminate a finer redundancy. To ensure robustness, we further employ a noise-robust fine-tuning strategy. Experiments on the UAV-M100 benchmark demonstrate that HSCP outperforms existing channel and layer pruning methods. Specifically, HSCP achieves $86.39\%$ parameter reduction and $84.44\%$ FLOPs reduction on ResNet18 while improving accuracy by $1.49\%$ compared to the unpruned baseline, and maintains superior robustness even in low signal-to-noise ratio environments.
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