arXiv:2512.09867cs.CVcs.AI2025-12被引 1

提出医疗多模态数据去遗忘新基准与方法,兼顾隐私删除与模型可用性。

Hierarchy-Aware Multimodal Unlearning for Medical AI

  • 构建分层多模态数据结构的去遗忘评估基准MedForget
  • 新方法CHIP在各层级实现最优遗忘-保留性能差距
  • 无需训练即可删除特定数据,保持模型整体医疗效用

预训练多模态大模型在医疗等敏感领域应用日益广泛,需满足HIPAA、GDPR等隐私法规要求的数据移除。现有去遗忘评估基准未能反映真实医疗数据的分层与多模态结构,难以有效评估实际场景下的去遗忘效果。为此,我们提出MedForget——一个面向医院数据嵌套结构的层次感知多模态去遗忘基准,支持在保留与遗忘划分下进行细粒度评估。实验表明,现有方法在不降低下游医疗任务性能的前提下,难以实现有效的层次感知遗忘。为此,我们提出无需训练的交叉模态层次感知投影(CHIP)方法,通过选择性移除目标数据专属权重子空间,保留兄弟节点共享信息。结果表明,CHIP在所有层次上均实现了最大遗忘-保留性能差距,同时保持与现有方法相当的下游任务表现。MedForget为医疗数据的结构化多模态去遗忘提供符合HIPAA规范的实用评估框架,CHIP则提供了高效通用的层次感知遗忘解决方案。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Pretrained Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly used in sensitive domains such as medical AI, where privacy regulations like HIPAA and GDPR require specific removal of individuals' or institutions' data. This motivates machine unlearning, which aims to remove the influence of target data from a trained model. However, existing unlearning benchmarks fail to reflect the hierarchical and multimodal structure of real-world medical data, limiting their ability to properly evaluate unlearning in practice. Therefore, we introduce MedForget, a hierarchy-aware multimodal unlearning benchmark that models hospital data as a nested structure, enabling fine-grained evaluation of multimodal unlearning across retain and forget splits. Experiments with current unlearning methods show that existing approaches struggle to achieve effective hierarchy-aware forgetting without degrading downstream medical utility. To address this limitation, we propose Cross-modal Hierarchy-Informed Projection for unlearning (CHIP), a training-free, hierarchy-aware multimodal unlearning method that deletes information by selectively removing target-specific weight subspaces while preserving sibling-shared information. Experiments show that CHIP achieves the highest forget-retain performance gap across all hierarchy levels while maintaining competitive downstream utility compared to existing methods. Overall, MedForget provides a practical, HIPAA-aligned benchmark for evaluating structured multimodal unlearning for medical data, and CHIP offers an effective and general solution for hierarchy-aware forgetting that balances deletion with utility.

医疗AI去遗忘多模态隐私保护

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