用少数据和低算力高效预测气动场,适合工程优化场景。
A Kernel-based Resource-efficient Neural Surrogate for Multi-fidelity Prediction of Aerodynamic Field
- 基于变分原理与张量分解,实现模型大幅压缩。
- 在仅10%高保真数据下仍保持高精度,参数量少1000倍以上。
- 适合资源受限的气动设计优化,比传统神经网络快得多。
代理模型为昂贵的气动仿真提供快速替代方案,在设计与优化中极具价值。本文提出一种新型基于核的神经代理模型KHRONOS,通过融合稀疏高保真(HF)数据与低保真(LF)信息,实现不同计算资源约束下的气动场预测。不同于传统方法,KHRONOS建立在变分原理、插值理论与张量分解基础上,具备更强的可剪枝性。以AirfRANS作为高保真基准,用NeuralFoil生成低保真数据,对比了多层感知机(MLP)、图神经网络(GNN)和物理信息神经网络(PINN)三种主流架构。在高保真数据占比0%、10%、30%及复杂几何参数化条件下,预测翼型表面压力系数分布。结果表明,尽管所有模型最终达到相近精度,但KHRONOS在资源受限时表现卓越:其可训练参数数量级减少,训练与推理速度显著提升,且在同等精度下效率远超密集神经网络,凸显其在多保真气动场预测中平衡精度与效率的潜力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Surrogate models provide fast alternatives to costly aerodynamic simulations and are extremely useful in design and optimization applications. This study proposes the use of a recent kernel-based neural surrogate, KHRONOS. In this work, we blend sparse high-fidelity (HF) data with low-fidelity (LF) information to predict aerodynamic fields under varying constraints in computational resources. Unlike traditional approaches, KHRONOS is built upon variational principles, interpolation theory, and tensor decomposition. These elements provide a mathematical basis for heavy pruning compared to dense neural networks. Using the AirfRANS dataset as a high-fidelity benchmark and NeuralFoil to generate low-fidelity counterparts, this work compares the performance of KHRONOS with three contemporary model architectures: a multilayer perceptron (MLP), a graph neural network (GNN), and a physics-informed neural network (PINN). We consider varying levels of high-fidelity data availability (0%, 10%, and 30%) and increasingly complex geometry parameterizations. These are used to predict the surface pressure coefficient distribution over the airfoil. Results indicate that, whilst all models eventually achieve comparable predictive accuracy, KHRONOS excels in resource-constrained conditions. In this domain, KHRONOS consistently requires orders of magnitude fewer trainable parameters and delivers much faster training and inference than contemporary dense neural networks at comparable accuracy. These findings highlight the potential of KHRONOS and similar architectures to balance accuracy and efficiency in multi-fidelity aerodynamic field prediction.
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