为加勒比口音紧急语音设计抗衰减系统,让调度员更准判断危机程度。
TRIDENT: A Redundant Architecture for Caribbean-Accented Emergency Speech Triage
- 三层架构融合口音适配语音识别、语义实体抽取与声学压力检测
- 低识别置信度配合高声学压力信号,可有效识别危急呼叫者
- 适合灾难场景下需保障少数口音群体公平响应的应急系统部署
紧急语音识别系统在非标准英语变体上表现系统性下降,对加勒比地区人群造成服务缺口。本文提出TRIDENT(面向调度员赋能的全国分级转诊的转录与路由智能系统),一种三层调度支持架构,旨在即使自动语音识别失败,仍能帮助人工按既有分级协议(常规情况用ESI,大规模伤亡事件用START)处理紧急电话。系统结合针对加勒比口音优化的语音识别、基于大语言模型的本地实体抽取,以及生物声学压力检测,向调度员提供三类互补信号:转录置信度、结构化临床实体和语音压力指标。关键洞察在于,低语音识别置信度并非系统故障,而是有效的队列优先信号——尤其当伴随显著声学压力特征时,表明来电者处于危机状态,其语言可能转向底层方言。另一洞察指出:训练有素的响应者或旁观者报告致命紧急情况时,可能无明显声学压力,需依赖语义分析捕捉被副语言特征遗漏的临床线索。本文阐述了该架构设计、基于心理语言学中压力诱发语言转换的理论基础,以及灾难场景下离线运行的部署考量。本工作建立了一种口音鲁棒的紧急人工智能框架,确保加勒比声音能平等接入既定国家分级协议。加勒比紧急通话的实证验证尚待未来开展。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Emergency speech recognition systems exhibit systematic performance degradation on non-standard English varieties, creating a critical gap in services for Caribbean populations. We present TRIDENT (Transcription and Routing Intelligence for Dispatcher-Empowered National Triage), a three-layer dispatcher-support architecture designed to structure emergency call inputs for human application of established triage protocols (the ESI for routine operations and START for mass casualty events), even when automatic speech recognition fails. The system combines Caribbean-accent-tuned ASR, local entity extraction via large language models, and bio-acoustic distress detection to provide dispatchers with three complementary signals: transcription confidence, structured clinical entities, and vocal stress indicators. Our key insight is that low ASR confidence, rather than representing system failure, serves as a valuable queue prioritization signal -- particularly when combined with elevated vocal distress markers indicating a caller in crisis whose speech may have shifted toward basilectal registers. A complementary insight drives the entity extraction layer: trained responders and composed bystanders may report life-threatening emergencies without elevated vocal stress, requiring semantic analysis to capture clinical indicators that paralinguistic features miss. We describe the architectural design, theoretical grounding in psycholinguistic research on stress-induced code-switching, and deployment considerations for offline operation during disaster scenarios. This work establishes a framework for accent-resilient emergency AI that ensures Caribbean voices receive equitable access to established national triage protocols. Empirical validation on Caribbean emergency calls remains future work.
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