融合50个数据源,构建跨域城市图学习模型。
Harnessing Rich Multi-Modal Data for Spatial-Temporal Homophily-Embedded Graph Learning Across Domains and Localities
- 基于时空同质性嵌入,整合多源异构数据
- 在多个城市和场景中实现高精度预测
- 无需重调参即可迁移至新区域或领域
现代城市越来越依赖数据驱动的决策支持,涵盖交通、公共安全和环境影响等领域。然而,城市级数据常以异构格式存在,由不同地方政府机构独立采集,目标与标准各异。尽管国家级数据集具有广泛性和可消费性,但其仍表现出显著异质性与多模态特征。本研究提出一种异构数据处理流程,可在时变、空变及时空序列数据上实现跨域数据融合。通过利用超过50个数据源中的丰富信息,我们的数据-学习模块将空间异构数据中的同质性特征嵌入图学习框架,将各地区特性融入模型。通过五个真实世界案例(如共享出行、交通事故、犯罪报告等)验证了该框架在多个城市公开数据集上的通用性与灵活性。结果表明,该框架在迁移到新区域或新领域时仅需极少重构即可保持强预测性能。本研究推动了可扩展的城市数据智能系统建设,解决了智慧城市建设中的一项核心挑战。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Modern cities are increasingly reliant on data-driven insights to support decision making in areas such as transportation, public safety and environmental impact. However, city-level data often exists in heterogeneous formats, collected independently by local agencies with diverse objectives and standards. Despite their numerous, wide-ranging, and uniformly consumable nature, national-level datasets exhibit significant heterogeneity and multi-modality. This research proposes a heterogeneous data pipeline that performs cross-domain data fusion over time-varying, spatial-varying and spatial-varying time-series datasets. We aim to address complex urban problems across multiple domains and localities by harnessing the rich information over 50 data sources. Specifically, our data-learning module integrates homophily from spatial-varying dataset into graph-learning, embedding information of various localities into models. We demonstrate the generalizability and flexibility of the framework through five real-world observations using a variety of publicly accessible datasets (e.g., ride-share, traffic crash, and crime reports) collected from multiple cities. The results show that our proposed framework demonstrates strong predictive performance while requiring minimal reconfiguration when transferred to new localities or domains. This research advances the goal of building data-informed urban systems in a scalable way, addressing one of the most pressing challenges in smart city analytics.
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