arXiv:2512.11839cs.LG2025-12被引 1

用大模型做网络控制,让策略更通用且高效。

Grounding Large Language Models as Generalizable Policies in Network Control

  • 将大模型通过领域对齐适配网络控制,结合动态协作降低推理开销。
  • 在流媒体和任务调度中性能提升6.5%至41.3%,在线测试日均减少3145小时卡顿。
  • 小模型+关键场景调用比盲目扩大模型更有效,适合工业级实时系统。

设计能在变化环境中可靠运行的通用控制策略,是保障现代数字基础设施稳定性的关键。然而,当前网络控制仍依赖手工规则或深度学习模型,难以适应真实世界动态。大语言模型(LLMs)凭借预训练知识和涌现的泛化能力成为潜在替代方案,但其在实际应用中面临非文本观测、动作空间受限、优化复杂及严格实时性要求等挑战。为此,本文提出Trailblazer框架,通过领域对齐使LLMs适配网络控制,并采用自适应策略协同机制降低推理开销。在自适应码率流媒体与集群任务调度两个异构任务上的仿真显示,Trailblazer相比传统策略分别提升6.5%–36.6%和3.5%–41.3%。进一步在抖音大规模线上A/B测试中,该方法优于高度优化的工业级拥塞控制策略,预计每日可减少约3,145小时平台级视频卡顿时间。分析表明,通过合理对齐轻量级LLM并在复杂条件下调用,即可实现有效控制,无需盲目扩展模型规模或频繁调用。结果确立了基于大模型的通用网络控制范式,并为奠基模型落地现实网络控制提供了实用洞见。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Designing generalizable control policies that operate reliably under changing conditions is essential for robust network services in modern digital infrastructure. Yet network control remains dominated by specialized policies built from handcrafted rules or deep learning models, which struggle to generalize under real-world dynamics. Large language models (LLMs) offer a promising alternative because of their broad pretrained knowledge and emergent generalization abilities, but their practical adoption in network control is hindered by non-textual observations, constrained action spaces, complex optimization knowledge, and strict real-time requirements. Therefore, we introduce Trailblazer, a systematic framework that combines domain alignment to adapt LLMs for network control with adaptive policy collaboration to reduce inference overhead. Simulations across two heterogeneous network control tasks, adaptive bitrate streaming and cluster job scheduling, show that Trailblazer improves performance over conventional policies by 6.5%-36.6% and 3.5%-41.3%, respectively. Moreover, in a large-scale online A/B test of congestion control on Douyin, Trailblazer outperforms a highly optimized industrial policy, corresponding to a projected reduction of approximately 3,145 hours of platform-wide video stall time per day. Further analysis reveals that effective LLM-based control can be achieved by properly aligning compact LLMs and only invoking them for complex conditions, rather than model scaling or extensive invocation. Together, our results establish an LLM-driven paradigm for designing generalizable network policies and offer practical insights into grounding foundation models for real-world network control.

大模型网络控制通用策略实时系统

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