arXiv:2512.11854cs.LGcs.AI2025-12ICML

用一块腕戴传感器实时判断增肌训练是否接近力竭,避免主观误判。

Rep Smarter, Not Harder: AI Hypertrophy Coaching with Wearable Sensors and Edge Neural Networks

  • 通过单个腕部惯性传感器分段动作并识别力竭状态
  • 在真实场景下实现82%的力竭检测准确率,延迟仅23.5毫秒
  • 适合希望科学控制训练强度的健身爱好者与教练

优化增肌训练需平衡接近力竭程度(以余力次数RiR衡量)与疲劳管理。但主观评估RiR不可靠,导致训练刺激不足或过度疲劳。本文提出一种仅使用单个腕戴六轴惯性测量单元(IMU)的实时近力竭状态(RiR ≤ 2)反馈系统。采用两阶段边缘部署流程:首先用基于ResNet的模型实时从IMU数据中分割重复动作;其次结合分割特征、直接卷积特征及由LSTM捕获的历史上下文,通过分类模型识别近力竭时段。基于13名参与者完成哑铃弯举至力竭的新数据集(共631次动作),分割模型F1达0.83,近力竭分类器在模拟实时条件下(1.6 Hz推理速率)F1为0.82。部署于树莓派5时平均延迟112毫秒,iPhone 16上为23.5毫秒,验证了边缘计算可行性。该研究展示了仅用最小硬件即可实现客观、实时训练强度反馈的实用方案,推动可及的AI增肌教练工具发展。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Optimizing resistance training for hypertrophy requires balancing proximity to muscular failure, often quantified by Repetitions in Reserve (RiR), with fatigue management. However, subjective RiR assessment is unreliable, leading to suboptimal training stimuli or excessive fatigue. This paper introduces a novel system for real-time feedback on near-failure states (RiR $\le$ 2) during resistance exercise using only a single wrist-mounted Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). We propose a two-stage pipeline suitable for edge deployment: first, a ResNet-based model segments repetitions from the 6-axis IMU data in real-time. Second, features derived from this segmentation, alongside direct convolutional features and historical context captured by an LSTM, are used by a classification model to identify exercise windows corresponding to near-failure states. Using a newly collected dataset from 13 diverse participants performing preacher curls to failure (631 total reps), our segmentation model achieved an F1 score of 0.83, and the near-failure classifier achieved an F1 score of 0.82 under simulated real-time evaluation conditions (1.6 Hz inference rate). Deployment on a Raspberry Pi 5 yielded an average inference latency of 112 ms, and on an iPhone 16 yielded 23.5 ms, confirming the feasibility for edge computation. This work demonstrates a practical approach for objective, real-time training intensity feedback using minimal hardware, paving the way for accessible AI-driven hypertrophy coaching tools that help users manage intensity and fatigue effectively.

健身智能边缘计算动作识别

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