不同来源展示方式影响用户注意力与说服力，高可见性未必提升效果
Not All Transparency Is Equal: Source Presentation Effects on Attention, Interaction, and Persuasion in Conversational Search
- 对比四种来源展示设计：可折叠列表、悬停卡片、页脚列表、侧边栏
- 高可见性界面提升悬停次数，但点击率普遍低；侧边栏最促共识改变
- 来源展示若缺乏足够信息，反而降低用户认知与兴趣
对话式搜索系统日益提供来源引用，但引用展示方式如何影响用户参与仍不明确。我们通过众包实验，招募394名参与者，比较四种来源呈现设计——可折叠列表、悬停卡片、页脚列表、对齐侧边栏——在引用可见性与可访问性上的差异。高可见性界面显著增加用户对来源的悬停行为，但点击率在各条件下均较低。尽管界面设计对用户体验和感知影响有限，却显著影响知识、兴趣与态度变化：高可见性初期抑制知识获取与兴趣，但随着来源使用量增加，正向效应显现；侧边栏设计独特地提升了态度改变幅度。研究结果表明，单纯优化来源展示无法有效提升参与度，若提供的来源不足，反而可能削弱效果。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Conversational search systems increasingly provide source citations, yet how citation or source presentation formats influence user engagement remains unclear. We conducted a crowdsourcing user experiment with 394 participants comparing four source presentation designs that varied citation visibility and accessibility: collapsible lists, hover cards, footer lists, and aligned sidebars.High-visibility interfaces generated substantially more hovering on sources, though clicking remained infrequent across all conditions. While interface design showed limited effects on user experience and perception measures, it significantly influenced knowledge, interest, and agreement changes. High-visibility interfaces initially reduced knowledge gain and interest, but these positive effects emerged with increasing source usage. The sidebar condition uniquely increased agreement change. Our findings demonstrate that source presentation alone may not enhance engagement and can even reduce it when insufficient sources are provided.
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