arXiv:2512.12288cs.AI2025-12

用量子感知AI突破DFT局限,更准发现强关联材料

Quantum-Aware Generative AI for Materials Discovery: A Framework for Robust Exploration Beyond DFT Biases

  • 融合多精度量子数据与主动验证,生成模型避开DFT错误区域
  • 在强关联氧化物中识别稳定候选物效率提升3-5倍
  • 适合需要高可靠性的材料发现研究者使用

传统材料发现生成模型主要基于密度泛函理论(DFT)近似交换关联泛函的数据训练和验证,导致其继承了DFT在强关联体系中的系统性偏差,造成探索偏倚,无法发现DFT预测严重错误的材料。本文提出一种量子感知生成AI框架,通过紧密集成多精度学习与主动验证机制,解决这一根本瓶颈。该方法采用基于扩散模型的生成器,条件输入为量子力学描述符,并使用在多层次理论(PBE、SCAN、HSE06、CCSD(T))数据上训练的等变神经势能网络作为验证器。关键在于实现了稳健的主动学习循环,量化并聚焦低-高精度预测间的差异。我们进行了全面消融实验,分析各组件贡献,进行详细失败模式分析,并在多个挑战性材料类别上对比了当前先进生成模型(CDVAE、GNoME、DiffCSP)。结果表明,相较于仅依赖DFT的基线模型,在高分歧区域(如强关联氧化物)成功识别潜在稳定候选物的效率提升3-5倍,同时保持计算可行性。本工作提供了一个严谨透明的框架,可将计算材料发现的有效搜索空间拓展至单精度模型的局限之外。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Conventional generative models for materials discovery are predominantly trained and validated using data from Density Functional Theory (DFT) with approximate exchange-correlation functionals. This creates a fundamental bottleneck: these models inherit DFT's systematic failures for strongly correlated systems, leading to exploration biases and an inability to discover materials where DFT predictions are qualitatively incorrect. We introduce a quantum-aware generative AI framework that systematically addresses this limitation through tight integration of multi-fidelity learning and active validation. Our approach employs a diffusion-based generator conditioned on quantum-mechanical descriptors and a validator using an equivariant neural network potential trained on a hierarchical dataset spanning multiple levels of theory (PBE, SCAN, HSE06, CCSD(T)). Crucially, we implement a robust active learning loop that quantifies and targets the divergence between low- and high-fidelity predictions. We conduct comprehensive ablation studies to deconstruct the contribution of each component, perform detailed failure mode analysis, and benchmark our framework against state-of-the-art generative models (CDVAE, GNoME, DiffCSP) across several challenging material classes. Our results demonstrate significant practical gains: a 3-5x improvement in successfully identifying potentially stable candidates in high-divergence regions (e.g., correlated oxides) compared to DFT-only baselines, while maintaining computational feasibility. This work provides a rigorous, transparent framework for extending the effective search space of computational materials discovery beyond the limitations of single-fidelity models.

材料发现生成模型量子计算主动学习

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