arXiv:2512.12581cs.LG2025-12

用量子启发能量项正则GAN,结果发现经典方法已足够好。

Differentiable Energy-Based Regularization in GANs: A Simulator-Based Exploration of VQE-Inspired Auxiliary Losses

  • 用量子变分算法构造可微能量项,加入GAN生成器目标
  • 量子模型初期分类准确率达99-100%,但经典方法同样可达
  • 证明量子项无实际优势,强调严谨消融实验的重要性

本文通过模拟器验证了基于参数化量子电路的可微能量项能否作为生成对抗网络(GAN)的辅助正则化信号。在无噪声的4量子比特状态向量模拟器上,使用Qiskit的EstimatorQNN和TorchConnector,将变分量子本征值求解器(VQE)启发的能量项引入辅助分类器GAN(ACGAN)生成器目标,采用类相关的伊辛哈密顿量。在MNIST数据集上,能量正则化模型在五轮内分类准确率高达99-100%,优于早期未匹配的基线(87.8%)。然而,经过预注册的严格消融研究发现,这些提升可被多种经典替代方案完全复现:每类学习偏置、基于MLP的代理模型、随机噪声,甚至在相同训练条件下未正则化的基线均达到约99%准确率。在样本质量(以FID衡量)方面,经典基线不仅等效,且系统性更优。因此,结论为负面:在此设定下,VQE启发能量项未带来可测量的因果增益,仅相当于平凡的经典正则化。本工作的主要贡献在于方法论:展示了将可微VQE集成至GAN训练的技术可行性,并强调了严谨消融研究对避免虚假量子优势宣称的必要性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

This paper presents an exploratory, simulator-based proof of concept investigating whether differentiable energy terms derived from parameterized quantum circuits can serve as auxiliary regularization signals in Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). We augment the Auxiliary Classifier GAN (ACGAN) generator objective with a Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE)-inspired energy term computed from class-specific Ising Hamiltonians using Qiskit's EstimatorQNN and TorchConnector. All experiments are performed on a noiseless statevector simulator with only four qubits, using a deliberately simple Hamiltonian parameterization. On MNIST, the energy-regularized model initially achieves high external-classifier accuracy (99-100 percent) within five epochs compared to 87.8 percent for an earlier, unmatched ACGAN baseline. However, a rigorous, pre-registered ablation study demonstrates that these improvements are fully replicated by simple classical alternatives, including learned per-class biases, MLP-based surrogates, random noise, and even an unregularized baseline under matched training conditions. All classical variants reach approximately 99 percent accuracy. For sample quality as measured by FID, classical baselines are not merely equivalent but systematically superior to the VQE-based formulation. We therefore report a clear negative result. The VQE-inspired energy term provides no measurable causal benefit beyond trivial classical regularizers in this setting. The primary contribution of this work is methodological, demonstrating both the technical feasibility of differentiable VQE integration into GAN training and the necessity of rigorous ablation studies to avoid spurious claims of quantum-enhanced performance.

GAN正则化量子启发消融实验

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