arXiv:2512.12710quant-phcs.LG2025-12

首次在真实量子硬件上实现端到端语言生成,验证了量子模型处理序列数据的可行性。

Practical Hybrid Quantum Language Models with Observable Readout on Real Hardware

  • 量子电路+轻量经典层,用多样本SPSA优化参数以抗噪声
  • 在IBM量子机上成功学习序列模式,但电路深度影响可训练性
  • 适合关注量子机器学习工程落地的研究者与实践者

混合量子-经典模型是利用近中期量子设备处理序列数据的关键步骤。本文提出量子循环神经网络(QRNN)和量子卷积神经网络(QCNN)作为混合量子语言模型,首次在真实量子硬件上实现端到端的生成式语言建模训练与评估。模型结合硬件优化的参数化量子电路与轻量级经典投影层,采用多样本随机梯度下降(SPSA)策略,在硬件噪声下高效优化量子参数。为评估模型能力,设计了一个合成数据集,用于在可控、低资源环境下分离句法依赖。在IBM量子处理器上的实验揭示了电路深度与可训练性之间的关键权衡:尽管噪声仍是主要挑战,基于可观测量的读出方式仍使NISQ设备成功学习序列模式。这些结果为生成式量子自然语言处理建立了严谨的工程基准,验证了当前量子硬件上训练复杂序列模型的可行性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Hybrid quantum-classical models represent a crucial step toward leveraging near-term quantum devices for sequential data processing. We present Quantum Recurrent Neural Networks (QRNNs) and Quantum Convolutional Neural Networks (QCNNs) as hybrid quantum language models, reporting the first empirical demonstration of generative language modeling trained and evaluated end-to-end on real quantum hardware. Our architecture combines hardware-optimized parametric quantum circuits with a lightweight classical projection layer, utilizing a multi-sample SPSA strategy to efficiently train quantum parameters despite hardware noise. To characterize the capabilities of these models, we introduce a synthetic dataset designed to isolate syntactic dependencies in a controlled, low-resource environment. Experiments on IBM Quantum processors reveal the critical trade-offs between circuit depth and trainability, demonstrating that while noise remains a significant factor, observable-based readout enables the successful learning of sequential patterns on NISQ devices. These results establish a rigorous engineering baseline for generative quantum natural language processing, validating the feasibility of training complex sequence models on current quantum hardware.

量子语言模型混合量子NISQ序列建模

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