arXiv:2512.12749stat.COcs.LG2025-12被引 3

用流匹配学习低精度解到高精度解的随机映射,支持任意分辨率推理。

Flow matching Operators for Residual-Augmented Probabilistic Learning of Partial Differential Equations

  • 在函数空间直接做流匹配,用残差修正低精度解
  • 训练仅需少量高保真数据,可跨分辨率生成并带不确定性估计
  • 适合缺乏高质量数据的物理方程建模场景

在数据稀缺条件下学习偏微分方程的概率代理模型仍具挑战:神经算子需要大量高保真数据,而生成方法通常牺牲分辨率不变性。本文在无限维函数空间中构建流匹配,学习一个概率传输过程,将低保真近似映射至高保真解流形,通过学习残差修正实现。我们提出基于特征线性调制的条件神经算子架构,在函数空间中直接拟合流向量场,实现无需重训即可在任意空间分辨率下推理。为提升稳定性与表征控制,将流向量场参数化为线性算子与非线性算子之和,结合轻量线性部分与条件傅里叶神经算子以实现输入依赖的丰富动态。进一步设计残差增强学习策略,让模型学习从廉价低保真代理到高保真解的随机修正,而非从零学习完整映射。最后,推导出可处理输入函数依赖耦合的条件流匹配在算子设置下的可计算训练目标。在一系列PDE上进行数值实验,包括1维对流方程、Burgers方程及2维多孔介质渗流问题,结果表明该方法可在不同分辨率与保真度下准确学习解算子,并在仅用少量高保真数据训练时仍能生成合理置信度估计。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Learning probabilistic surrogates for partial differential equations remains challenging in data-scarce regimes: neural operators require large amounts of high-fidelity data, while generative approaches typically sacrifice resolution invariance. We formulate flow matching in an infinite-dimensional function space to learn a probabilistic transport that maps low-fidelity approximations to the manifold of high-fidelity PDE solutions via learned residual corrections. We develop a conditional neural operator architecture based on feature-wise linear modulation for flow matching vector fields directly in function space, enabling inference at arbitrary spatial resolutions without retraining. To improve stability and representational control of the induced neural ODE, we parameterize the flow vector field as a sum of a linear operator and a nonlinear operator, combining lightweight linear components with a conditioned Fourier neural operator for expressive, input-dependent dynamics. We then formulate a residual-augmented learning strategy where the flow model learns probabilistic corrections from inexpensive low-fidelity surrogates to high-fidelity solutions, rather than learning the full solution mapping from scratch. Finally, we derive tractable training objectives that extend conditional flow matching to the operator setting with input-function-dependent couplings. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, we present numerical experiments on a range of PDEs, including the 1D advection and Burgers' equation, and a 2D Darcy flow problem for flow through a porous medium. We show that the proposed method can accurately learn solution operators across different resolutions and fidelities and produces uncertainty estimates that appropriately reflect model confidence, even when trained on limited high-fidelity data.

PDE求解流匹配概率建模神经算子

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