arXiv:2512.13183cs.ROcs.SY2025-12

用光滑化方法生成低曲率路径,实时高效且兼容主流控制算法。

Efficient Path Generation with Curvature Guarantees by Mollification

  • 通过光滑化技术将折线路径转为可微函数,逼近精度可控。
  • 严格约束路径曲率上限,确保非完整机器人稳定跟踪。
  • 计算效率高,可在微控制器上实时运行,适合嵌入式部署。

路径生成是将路径规划器输出的航点序列转换为平滑可执行路径的核心挑战。多数路径跟踪与轨迹跟踪算法要求路径函数至少二阶连续可微,以保证全局收敛性,尤其对具有速度约束的非完整机器人(如单轮车)至关重要。因此,路径生成需弥合便捷但不可微的规划输出(如分段线性段)与下游控制算法的可微性需求之间的差距。现有方法如样条插值或基于优化的路径生成,要么产生过于复杂的轨迹,要么计算成本过高。本文提出一种基于光滑化(mollification)的路径正则化方法,可任意精度逼近任意路径,并系统性地限制生成路径的曲率。我们在航点间线性连接路径上验证了该方法,证明其在理论上比标准插值方法更高效,支持在微控制器上实现实时运行,同时兼容标准轨迹跟踪与路径跟随算法。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Path generation, the process of converting high-level mission specifications, such as sequences of waypoints from a path planner, into smooth, executable paths, is a fundamental challenge in mobile robotics. Most path following and trajectory tracking algorithms require the desired path to be defined by at least twice continuously differentiable functions to guarantee key properties such as global convergence, especially for nonholonomic robots like unicycles with speed constraints. Consequently, path generation methods must bridge the gap between convenient but non-differentiable planning outputs, such as piecewise linear segments, and the differentiability requirements imposed by downstream control algorithms. While techniques such as spline interpolation or optimization-based methods are commonly used to smooth non-differentiable paths or create feasible ones from sequences of waypoints, they either produce unnecessarily complex trajectories or are computationally expensive. In this work, we present a method to regularize non-differentiable functions and generate feasible paths through mollification. Specifically, we approximate an arbitrary path with a differentiable function that can converge to it with arbitrary precision. Additionally, we provide a systematic method for bounding the curvature of generated paths, which we demonstrate by applying it to paths resulting from linking a sequence of waypoints with segments. The proposed approach is analytically shown to be computationally more efficient than standard interpolation methods, enabling real-time implementation on microcontrollers, while remaining compatible with standard trajectory tracking and path following algorithms.

路径生成光滑化机器人控制实时系统

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